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delta, the only other valid fields are OLDPATH and 'file-id'. PARENT_ID is ''
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when a delete has been recorded or when recording a new root entry.
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Inventory deltas and more broadly changes between trees are a significant part
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of bzr's core operations: they are key components in status, diff, commit,
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and merge (although merge uses tree transform, deltas contain the changes that
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are applied to the transform). Our ability to perform a given operation depends
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on us creating consistent deltas between trees. Inconsistent deltas lead to
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errors and bugs, or even just unexpected conflicts.
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An inventory delta is a transform to change an inventory A into another
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inventory B (in patch terms its a perfect patch). Sometimes, for instance in a
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regular commit, inventory B is known at the time we create the delta. Other
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times, B is not known because the user is requesting that some parts of the
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second inventory they have are masked out from consideration. When this happens
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we create a delta that when applied to A creates a B we haven't seen in total
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before. In this situation we need to ensure that B will be internally
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consistent. Deltas are unidirectional, a delta(A, B) creates B from A, but
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cannot be used to create A from B.
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Deltas are expressed as a list of (oldpath, newpath, fileid, entry) tuples. The
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fileid, entry elements are normative; the old and new paths are strong hints
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but not currently guaranteed to be accurate. (This is a shame and something we
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should tighten up). Deltas are required to list all removals explicitly -
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removing the parent of an entry doesn't remove the entry.
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Applying a delta to an inventory consists of:
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- removing all fileids for which entry is None
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- adding or replacing all other fileids
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- detecting consistency errors
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An interesting aspect of delta inconsistencies is when we notice them:
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- Silent errors which our application logic misses
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- Visible errors we catch during application, so bad data isn't stored in
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The minimum safe level for our application logic would be to catch all errors
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during application. Making generation never generate inconsistent deltas is
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a seperate but necessary condition for robust code.
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An inconsistent delta is one which:
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- after application to an inventory the inventory is an impossible state.
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- has the same fileid, or oldpath(not-None), or newpath(not-None) multiple
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- has a fileid field different to the entry.fileid in the same item in the
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- has an entry that is in an impossible state (e.g. a directory with a text
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Forms of inventory inconsistency deltas can carry/cause:
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- An entry newly introduced to a path without also removing or relocating any
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existing entry at that path. (Duplicate paths)
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- An entry whose parent id isn't present in the tree. (Missing parent).
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- Having oldpath or newpath not be actual original path or resulting path.
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- An entry whose parent is not a directory. (Under non-directory).
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- An entry that is internally inconsistent.
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- An entry that is already present in the tree (Duplicate id)
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Known causes of inconsistency:
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- A 'new' entry which the inventory already has - when this is a directory
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even arbitrary file ids under the 'new' entry are more likely to collide on
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- Removing a directory without recursively removing its children - causes
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- Recording a change to an entry without including all changed entries found
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following its parents up to and includin the root - can cause duplicate
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paths, missing parents, wrong path, under non-directory.
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Avoiding inconsistent deltas
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----------------------------
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The simplest thing is to never create partial deltas, as it is trivial to
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be consistent when all data is examined every time. However users sometimes
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want to specify a subset of the changes in their tree when they do an operation
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which needs to create a delta - such as commit.
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We have a choice about handling user requests that can generate inconsistent
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deltas. We can alter or interpret the request in such a way that the delta will
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be consistent, but perhaps larger than the user had intended. Or we can
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identify problematic situations and abort, specifying to the user why we have
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aborted and likely things they can do to make their request generate a
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Currently we attempt to expand/interpret the request so that the user is not
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required to understand all the internal constraints of the system: if they
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request 'foo/bar' we automatically include foo. This works to an extent but on
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review we are creating inconsistent deltas by the way we do this. We need to
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avoid all the known causes of inconsistency in our delta creation logic.