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- Committer: Robert Collins
- Date: 2007-10-22 01:23:51 UTC
- mfrom: (2921.3.1 graph)
- mto: This revision was merged to the branch mainline in revision 2933.
- Revision ID: robertc@robertcollins.net-20071022012351-16lm27an2lbzk038
Merge graph history-access bugfix.
- files modified:
- NEWS
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doc/en/mini-tutorial/index.txt
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====================
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Bazaar Mini Tutorial
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====================
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===================
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Bazaar in five minutes
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===================
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.. contents::
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Introduction
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============
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This is a very brief 5-minute tutorial, covering only what a first time user
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needs to start a project or start contributing to a project using Bazaar.
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For a more detailed look, see `Learning More`_.
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Bazaar is a distributed version control system that makes it easier for
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people to work together on software projects.
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Over the next five minutes, you'll learn how to put your files under
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version control, how to record changes to them, examine your work, publish
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it and send your work for merger into a project's trunk.
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If you'd prefer a more detailed introduction, take a look at
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`Learning More`_.
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Installation
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============
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See http://bazaar-vcs.org/Download. Bazaar is probably in your GNU/Linux
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distribution already. If not, it's trivial to install on any platform that
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runs Python 2.4, including Windows. Installation should take at most a few
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minutes.
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Introducing Yourself
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This guide doesn't describe how to install Bazaar but it's usually very
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easy. You can find installation instructions at:
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- **GNU/Linux:** Bazaar is probably in your GNU/Linux distribution already.
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- **Windows:** `installation instructions`_.
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- **Mac OS X:** `install using MacPorts`_.
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For other platforms and to install from source code, see the Downloads_
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and Installation_ pages.
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.. _installation instructions: http://bazaar-vcs.org/WindowsDownloads
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.. _install using MacPorts: http://bazaar-vcs.org/MacPorts
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.. _Downloads: http://bazaar-vcs.org/Download
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.. _Installation: http://bazaar-vcs.org/InstallationFAQ
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Introducing yourself
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====================
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You want Bazaar to correctly identify you in revision logs. Using your name
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and email instead of Joe Doe's, type::
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$ bzr whoami "Joe Doe <joe.doe@gmail.com>"
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Now try::
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Before you start working, it is good to tell Bazaar who you are. That
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way your work is properly identified in revision logs.
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Using your name and email address, instead of John Doe's, type::
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$ bzr whoami "John Doe <john.doe@gmail.com>"
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Bazaar will now create or modify a configuration file, including your
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name and email address.
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Now, check that your name and email address are correctly registered::
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$ bzr whoami
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Joe Doe <joe.doe@gmail.com>
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Putting Existing Files Under Version Control
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============================================
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It is very easy to put an existing set of files under version control using
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Bazaar::
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$ cd my-project
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$ bzr init .
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$ bzr add
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John Doe <john.doe@gmail.com>
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Putting files under version control
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===================================
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Let's create a directory and some files to use with Bazaar::
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$ mkdir myproject
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$ cd myproject
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$ mkdir subdirectory
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$ touch test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt subdirectory/test4.txt
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**Note for Windows users:** use Windows Explorer to create your
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directories, then right-click in those directories and select
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``New file`` to create your files.
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Now get Bazaar to initalize itself in your project directory::
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$ bzr init
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If it looks like nothing happened, don't worry. Bazaar has created a
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branch_ where it will store your files and their revision histories.
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.. _branch: http://bazaar-vcs.org/Branch
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The next step is to tell Bazaar which files you want to track. Running
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``bzr add`` will recursively add everything in the project::
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$ bzr add
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added subdirectory
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added test1.txt
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added test2.txt
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added test3.txt
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added subdirectory/test4.txt
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Next, take a snapshot of your files by committing them to your branch. Add
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a message to explain why you made the commit::
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$ bzr commit -m "Initial import"
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You can now make changes, track them, publish your branch and so on as
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explained below.
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Creating A Personal Branch
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==========================
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Rather than starting a new project, you may wish to work on an existing
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project either you or someone else has published.
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Create a branch of an existing project::
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$ bzr branch http://example.com/code/foobar.dev foobar.joe
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Branched 1 revision(s).
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Note that after you create a personal branch, you don't need web access to
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commit changes.
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Making Changes
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==============
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Edit a file::
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$ cd foobar.joe
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$ hack...
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Check what have you done::
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$ bzr diff
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=== modified file 'foo.c'
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--- foo.c
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+++ foo.c
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@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
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#include "foo.h"
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+
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static PyObject *
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_pyfribidi_log2vis (PyObject * self, PyObject * args, PyObject * kw)
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{
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Commit your hard work::
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$ bzr commit -m 'added some whitespace'
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As Bazaar is a distributed version control system, it doesn't need to
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connect to a central server to make the commit. Instead, Bazaar stores your
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branch and all its commits inside the directory you're working with; look
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for the ``.bzr`` sub-directory.
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Making changes to your files
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============================
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Let's change a file and commit those changes to your branch.
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Edit ``test1.txt`` in your favourite editor, then check what have you done::
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$ bzr diff
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=== modified file 'test1.txt'
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--- test1.txt 2007-10-08 17:56:14 +0000
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+++ test1.txt 2007-10-08 17:46:22 +0000
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@@ -0,0 +1,1 @@
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+test test test
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Commit your work to the Bazaar branch::
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$ bzr commit -m 'Added first line of text'
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Committed revision 2.
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Viewing the Revision Log
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Viewing the revision log
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========================
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Browse the history of the branch::
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You can see the history of your branch by browsing its log::
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$ bzr log
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------------------------------------------------------------
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revno: 2
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committer: Joe Doe <joe.doe@gmail.com>
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branch nick: foobar.joe
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timestamp: Mon 2006-02-06 01:33:35 +0200
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committer: John Doe <john.doe@gmail.com>
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branch nick: myproject
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timestamp: Mon 2007-10-08 17:56:14 +0000
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message:
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added some whitespace
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Added first line of text
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------------------------------------------------------------
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revno: 1
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committer: James Hacker <jmh@example.com>
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branch nick: foobar.dev
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timestamp: Mon 2006-02-06 01:06:11 +0200
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committer: John Doe <john.doe@gmail.com>
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branch nick: myproject
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timestamp: Mon 2006-10-08 17:46:22 +0000
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message:
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initial revision
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Updating Your Branch from the Main Branch
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Initial import
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Publishing your branch with sftp
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================================
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There are a couple of ways to publish your branch. If you already have
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an SFTP server or are comfortable setting one up, you can publish your
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branch to it.
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Otherwise, skip to the next section to publish with Launchpad_, a free
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hosting service for Bazaar.
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.. _Launchpad: https://launchpad.net/
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Let's assume you want to publish your branch at ``www.example.com/myproject``::
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$ bzr push --create-prefix sftp://your.name@example.com/~/public_html/myproject
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2 revision(s) pushed.
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Bazaar will create a ``myproject`` directory on the remote server and
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push your branch to it.
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**Note:** to use sftp, you may need to install ``paramiko`` and
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``pyCrypto``. See http://bazaar-vcs.org/InstallationFaq for details.
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Now anyone can create their own copy of your branch by typing::
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$ bzr branch http://www.example.com/myproject
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Publishing your branch with Launchpad
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=====================================
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Launchpad is a suite of development and hosting tools for free
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software projects. You can use it to publish your branch.
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If you don't have a Launchpad account, follow the `account signup guide`_
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and `register an SSH key`_ in your new Launchpad account.
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.. _account signup guide: https://help.launchpad.net/CreatingYourLaunchpadAccount
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.. _register an SSH key: https://launchpad.net/people/+me/+editsshkeys
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Replacing ``john.doe`` with your own Launchpad username, type::
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$ bzr push bzr+ssh://john.doe@bazaar.launchpad.net/~john.doe/+junk/myproject
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**Note:** ``+junk`` means that this branch isn't associated with any particular
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project in Launchpad.
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Now, anyone can create their own copy of your branch by typing::
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$ bzr branch http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~john.doe/+junk/myproject
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You can also see information about your branch, including its revision
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history, at https://code.launchpad.net/people/+me/+junk/myproject
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Creating your own copy of another branch
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========================================
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To work with someone else's code, you can make your own copy of their
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branch. Let's take a real-world example, Bazaar's GTK interface::
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$ bzr branch http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~bzr/bzr-gtk/trunk bzr-gtk.john
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Branched 292 revision(s).
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Bazaar will download all the files and complete revision history from the
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bzr-gtk project's trunk branch and create a copy called bzr-gtk.john.
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Now, you have your own copy of the branch and can commit changes with
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or without a net connection. You can share your branch at any time by
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publishing it and, if the bzr-gtk team want to use your work, Bazaar
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makes it easy for them to merge your branch back into their trunk branch.
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Updating your branch from the main branch
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=========================================
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While you work hard on your branch, others may have committed new code to the
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main branch. From time to time, you want to merge changes from the main
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branch into your branch::
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While you commit changes to your branch, it's likely that other people will
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also continue to commit code to the parent branch.
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To make sure your branch stays up to date, you should merge changes from
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the parent into your personal branch::
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$ bzr merge
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Using saved location: http://example.com/code/foobar.dev
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Using saved location: http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~bzr/bzr-gtk/trunk
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All changes applied successfully.
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What was changed locally by merging the main branch?
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::
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Check what has changed::
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$ bzr diff
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=== modified file 'pyfribidi.c'
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--- pyfribidi.c
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+++ pyfribidi.c
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@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@
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PyMem_Del (logical);
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PyMem_Del (visual);
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+ /* evil hack! */
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return result;
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}
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Commit the changes from the main branch::
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$ bzr commit -m 'merge from main branch'
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Committed revision 6.
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Note that you may occasionally need to resolve conflicts or make other minor
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changes (so tests pass say) before committing. For these reasons, merge does
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not implicitly commit.
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Publishing Your Branch
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======================
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You can simply use rsync to copy your branch to a web server, but using
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``bzr push`` is the easiest way. Let's assume you want to publish your
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branch in jod.example.com/foobar.joe and you have sftp access to the server::
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$ bzr push sftp://jod@jod.example.com/public_html/foobar.joe/
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2 revision(s) pushed.
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Note that to use sftp, your may need to install ''paramiko'' and ''pyCrypto''.
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See http://bazaar-vcs.org/InstallationFaq for details.
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Now anyone can get your branch with (try it yourself!)::
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bzr branch http://jod.example.com/foobar.joe/
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Learning More
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If you're happy with the changes, you can commit them to your personal
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branch::
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$ bzr commit -m 'Merge from main branch'
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Committed revision 295.
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Merging your work into the parent branch
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========================================
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After you've worked on your personal branch of bzr-gtk, you may want to
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send your changes back upstream to the project. The easiest way is to
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use a merge directive.
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A merge directive is a machine-readable request to perform a
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particular merge. It usually contains a patch preview of the merge
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and either contains the necessary revisions, or provides a branch
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where they can be found.
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Replacing ``mycode.patch``, create your merge directive::
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$ bzr send -o mycode.patch
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Using saved location: http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~bzr/bzr-gtk/trunk
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You can now email the merge directive to the bzr-gtk project who, if
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they choose, can use it merge your work back into the parent branch.
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Learning more
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=============
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To learn about bzr topics::
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You can find out more about Bazaar in the `Bazaar user guide <../../index.html>`_.
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To learn about Bazaar on the command-line::
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$ bzr help
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To learn about bzr commands::
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To learn about Bazaar commands::
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$ bzr help commands
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To learn about the ''foo'' topic or command::
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$ bzr help foo
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Alternatively, browse the `Bazaar Documentation <../../index.html>`_.
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