101
136
This can provide useful logging to help debug test failures when used
102
137
with e.g. ``bzr -Dhpss selftest -E=allow_debug``
139
Note that this will probably cause some tests to fail, because they
140
don't expect to run with any debug flags on.
146
Bazaar can optionally produce output in the machine-readable subunit_
147
format, so that test output can be post-processed by various tools. To
148
generate a subunit test stream::
150
$ ./bzr selftest --subunit
152
Processing such a stream can be done using a variety of tools including:
154
* The builtin ``subunit2pyunit``, ``subunit-filter``, ``subunit-ls``,
155
``subunit2junitxml`` from the subunit project.
157
* tribunal_, a GUI for showing test results.
159
* testrepository_, a tool for gathering and managing test runs.
161
.. _subunit: https://launchpad.net/subunit/
162
.. _tribunal: https://launchpad.net/tribunal/
168
Bazaar ships with a config file for testrepository_. This can be very
169
useful for keeping track of failing tests and doing general workflow
170
support. To run tests using testrepository::
174
To run only failing tests::
176
$ testr run --failing
178
To run only some tests, without plugins::
180
$ test run test_selftest -- --no-plugins
182
See the testrepository documentation for more details.
184
.. _testrepository: https://launchpad.net/testrepository
187
Babune continuous integration
188
-----------------------------
190
We have a Hudson continuous-integration system that automatically runs
191
tests across various platforms. In the future we plan to add more
192
combinations including testing plugins. See
193
<http://babune.ladeuil.net:24842/>. (Babune = Bazaar Buildbot Network.)
196
Running tests in parallel
197
-------------------------
199
Bazaar can use subunit to spawn multiple test processes. There is
200
slightly more chance you will hit ordering or timing-dependent bugs but
203
$ ./bzr selftest --parallel=fork
205
Note that you will need the Subunit library
206
<https://launchpad.net/subunit/> to use this, which is in
207
``python-subunit`` on Ubuntu.
210
Running tests from a ramdisk
211
----------------------------
213
The tests create and delete a lot of temporary files. In some cases you
214
can make the test suite run much faster by running it on a ramdisk. For
218
$ sudo mount -t tmpfs none /ram
219
$ TMPDIR=/ram ./bzr selftest ...
221
You could also change ``/tmp`` in ``/etc/fstab`` to have type ``tmpfs``,
222
if you don't mind possibly losing other files in there when the machine
223
restarts. Add this line (if there is none for ``/tmp`` already)::
225
none /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
227
With a 6-core machine and ``--parallel=fork`` using a tmpfs doubles the
228
test execution speed.
234
Normally you should add or update a test for all bug fixes or new features
108
238
Where should I put a new test?
109
239
------------------------------
178
308
Per-implementation tests are tests that are defined once and then run
179
309
against multiple implementations of an interface. For example,
180
``test_transport_implementations.py`` defines tests that all Transport
181
implementations (local filesystem, HTTP, and so on) must pass.
183
They are found in ``bzrlib/tests/*_implementations/test_*.py``,
184
``bzrlib/tests/per_*/*.py``, and
185
``bzrlib/tests/test_*_implementations.py``.
310
``per_transport.py`` defines tests that all Transport implementations
311
(local filesystem, HTTP, and so on) must pass. They are found in
312
``bzrlib/tests/per_*/*.py``, and ``bzrlib/tests/per_*.py``.
187
314
These are really a sub-category of unit tests, but an important one.
316
Along the same lines are tests for extension modules. We generally have
317
both a pure-python and a compiled implementation for each module. As such,
318
we want to run the same tests against both implementations. These can
319
generally be found in ``bzrlib/tests/*__*.py`` since extension modules are
320
usually prefixed with an underscore. Since there are only two
321
implementations, we have a helper function
322
``bzrlib.tests.permute_for_extension``, which can simplify the
323
``load_tests`` implementation.
193
329
We make selective use of doctests__. In general they should provide
194
330
*examples* within the API documentation which can incidentally be tested. We
195
331
don't try to test every important case using doctests |--| regular Python
196
tests are generally a better solution. That is, we just use doctests to
197
make our documentation testable, rather than as a way to make tests.
332
tests are generally a better solution. That is, we just use doctests to make
333
our documentation testable, rather than as a way to make tests. Be aware that
334
doctests are not as well isolated as the unit tests, if you need more
335
isolation, you're likely want to write unit tests anyway if only to get a
336
better control of the test environment.
199
338
Most of these are in ``bzrlib/doc/api``. More additions are welcome.
201
340
__ http://docs.python.org/lib/module-doctest.html
342
There is an `assertDoctestExampleMatches` method in
343
`bzrlib.tests.TestCase` that allows you to match against doctest-style
344
string templates (including ``...`` to skip sections) from regular Python
351
``bzrlib/tests/script.py`` allows users to write tests in a syntax very
352
close to a shell session, using a restricted and limited set of commands
353
that should be enough to mimic most of the behaviours.
355
A script is a set of commands, each command is composed of:
357
* one mandatory command line,
358
* one optional set of input lines to feed the command,
359
* one optional set of output expected lines,
360
* one optional set of error expected lines.
362
Input, output and error lines can be specified in any order.
364
Except for the expected output, all lines start with a special
365
string (based on their origin when used under a Unix shell):
367
* '$ ' for the command,
369
* nothing for output,
372
Comments can be added anywhere, they start with '#' and end with
375
The execution stops as soon as an expected output or an expected error is not
378
If output occurs and no output is expected, the execution stops and the
379
test fails. If unexpected output occurs on the standard error, then
380
execution stops and the test fails.
382
If an error occurs and no expected error is specified, the execution stops.
384
An error is defined by a returned status different from zero, not by the
385
presence of text on the error stream.
387
The matching is done on a full string comparison basis unless '...' is used, in
388
which case expected output/errors can be less precise.
392
The following will succeeds only if 'bzr add' outputs 'adding file'::
397
If you want the command to succeed for any output, just use::
403
or use the ``--quiet`` option::
407
The following will stop with an error::
411
If you want it to succeed, use::
414
2> bzr: ERROR: unknown command "not-a-command"
416
You can use ellipsis (...) to replace any piece of text you don't want to be
419
$ bzr branch not-a-branch
420
2>bzr: ERROR: Not a branch...not-a-branch/".
422
This can be used to ignore entire lines too::
428
# And here we explain that surprising fourth line
435
You can check the content of a file with cat::
440
You can also check the existence of a file with cat, the following will fail if
441
the file doesn't exist::
445
You can run files containing shell-like scripts with::
447
$ bzr test-script <script>
449
where ``<script>`` is the path to the file containing the shell-like script.
451
The actual use of ScriptRunner within a TestCase looks something like
454
from bzrlib.tests import script
456
def test_unshelve_keep(self):
458
script.run_script(self, '''
460
$ bzr shelve -q --all -m Foo
463
$ bzr unshelve -q --keep
470
You can also test commands that read user interaction::
472
def test_confirm_action(self):
473
"""You can write tests that demonstrate user confirmation"""
474
commands.builtin_command_registry.register(cmd_test_confirm)
475
self.addCleanup(commands.builtin_command_registry.remove, 'test-confirm')
478
2>Really do it? [y/n]:
483
To avoid having to specify "-q" for all commands whose output is
484
irrelevant, the run_script() method may be passed the keyword argument
485
``null_output_matches_anything=True``. For example::
487
def test_ignoring_null_output(self):
490
$ bzr ci -m 'first revision' --unchanged
493
""", null_output_matches_anything=True)
499
`bzrlib.tests.test_import_tariff` has some tests that measure how many
500
Python modules are loaded to run some representative commands.
502
We want to avoid loading code unnecessarily, for reasons including:
504
* Python modules are interpreted when they're loaded, either to define
505
classes or modules or perhaps to initialize some structures.
507
* With a cold cache we may incur blocking real disk IO for each module.
509
* Some modules depend on many others.
511
* Some optional modules such as `testtools` are meant to be soft
512
dependencies and only needed for particular cases. If they're loaded in
513
other cases then bzr may break for people who don't have those modules.
515
`test_import_tariff` allows us to check that removal of imports doesn't
518
This is done by running the command in a subprocess with
519
``PYTHON_VERBOSE=1``. Starting a whole Python interpreter is pretty slow,
520
so we don't want exhaustive testing here, but just enough to guard against
521
distinct fixed problems.
523
Assertions about precisely what is loaded tend to be brittle so we instead
524
make assertions that particular things aren't loaded.
526
Unless selftest is run with ``--no-plugins``, modules will be loaded in
527
the usual way and checks made on what they cause to be loaded. This is
528
probably worth checking into, because many bzr users have at least some
529
plugins installed (and they're included in binary installers).
531
In theory, plugins might have a good reason to load almost anything:
532
someone might write a plugin that opens a network connection or pops up a
533
gui window every time you run 'bzr status'. However, it's more likely
534
that the code to do these things is just being loaded accidentally. We
535
might eventually need to have a way to make exceptions for particular
538
Some things to check:
540
* non-GUI commands shouldn't load GUI libraries
542
* operations on bzr native formats sholudn't load foreign branch libraries
544
* network code shouldn't be loaded for purely local operations
546
* particularly expensive Python built-in modules shouldn't be loaded
547
unless there is a good reason
550
Testing locking behaviour
551
-------------------------
553
In order to test the locking behaviour of commands, it is possible to install
554
a hook that is called when a write lock is: acquired, released or broken.
555
(Read locks also exist, they cannot be discovered in this way.)
557
A hook can be installed by calling bzrlib.lock.Lock.hooks.install_named_hook.
558
The three valid hooks are: `lock_acquired`, `lock_released` and `lock_broken`.
565
lock.Lock.hooks.install_named_hook('lock_acquired',
566
locks_acquired.append, None)
567
lock.Lock.hooks.install_named_hook('lock_released',
568
locks_released.append, None)
570
`locks_acquired` will now receive a LockResult instance for all locks acquired
571
since the time the hook is installed.
573
The last part of the `lock_url` allows you to identify the type of object that is locked.
575
- BzrDir: `/branch-lock`
576
- Working tree: `/checkout/lock`
577
- Branch: `/branch/lock`
578
- Repository: `/repository/lock`
580
To test if a lock is a write lock on a working tree, one can do the following::
582
self.assertEndsWith(locks_acquired[0].lock_url, "/checkout/lock")
584
See bzrlib/tests/commands/test_revert.py for an example of how to use this for
328
720
``_probe`` and ``feature_name`` methods. For example::
330
722
class _SymlinkFeature(Feature):
332
724
def _probe(self):
333
725
return osutils.has_symlinks()
335
727
def feature_name(self):
336
728
return 'symlinks'
338
730
SymlinkFeature = _SymlinkFeature()
732
A helper for handling running tests based on whether a python
733
module is available. This can handle 3rd-party dependencies (is
734
``paramiko`` available?) as well as stdlib (``termios``) or
735
extension modules (``bzrlib._groupcompress_pyx``). You create a
736
new feature instance with::
738
# in bzrlib/tests/features.py
739
apport = tests.ModuleAvailableFeature('apport')
742
# then in bzrlib/tests/test_apport.py
743
class TestApportReporting(TestCaseInTempDir):
745
_test_needs_features = [features.apport]
749
-----------------------
751
Translations are disabled by default in tests. If you want to test
752
that code is translated you can use the ``ZzzTranslations`` class from
755
self.overrideAttr(i18n, '_translations', ZzzTranslations())
757
And check the output strings look like ``u"zz\xe5{{output}}"``.
759
To test the gettext setup and usage you override i18n.installed back
760
to self.i18nInstalled and _translations to None, see
761
test_i18n.TestInstall.
764
Testing deprecated code
765
-----------------------
767
When code is deprecated, it is still supported for some length of time,
768
usually until the next major version. The ``applyDeprecated`` helper
769
wraps calls to deprecated code to verify that it is correctly issuing the
770
deprecation warning, and also prevents the warnings from being printed
773
Typically patches that apply the ``@deprecated_function`` decorator should
774
update the accompanying tests to use the ``applyDeprecated`` wrapper.
776
``applyDeprecated`` is defined in ``bzrlib.tests.TestCase``. See the API
777
docs for more details.
341
780
Testing exceptions and errors
342
781
-----------------------------
537
993
Please see bzrlib.treebuilder for more details.
998
PreviewTrees are based on TreeTransforms. This means they can represent
999
virtually any state that a WorkingTree can have, including unversioned files.
1000
They can be used to test the output of anything that produces TreeTransforms,
1001
such as merge algorithms and revert. They can also be used to test anything
1002
that takes arbitrary Trees as its input.
1006
# Get an empty tree to base the transform on.
1007
b = self.make_branch('.')
1008
empty_tree = b.repository.revision_tree(_mod_revision.NULL_REVISION)
1009
tt = TransformPreview(empty_tree)
1010
self.addCleanup(tt.finalize)
1011
# Empty trees don't have a root, so add it first.
1012
root = tt.new_directory('', ROOT_PARENT, 'tree-root')
1013
# Set the contents of a file.
1014
tt.new_file('new-file', root, 'contents', 'file-id')
1015
preview = tt.get_preview_tree()
1016
# Test the contents.
1017
self.assertEqual('contents', preview.get_file_text('file-id'))
1019
PreviewTrees can stack, with each tree falling back to the previous::
1021
tt2 = TransformPreview(preview)
1022
self.addCleanup(tt2.finalize)
1023
tt2.new_file('new-file2', tt2.root, 'contents2', 'file-id2')
1024
preview2 = tt2.get_preview_tree()
1025
self.assertEqual('contents', preview2.get_file_text('file-id'))
1026
self.assertEqual('contents2', preview2.get_file_text('file-id2'))
1029
Temporarily changing state
1030
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1032
If your test needs to temporarily mutate some global state, and you need
1033
it restored at the end, you can say for example::
1035
self.overrideAttr(osutils, '_cached_user_encoding', 'latin-1')
1037
This should be used with discretion; sometimes it's better to make the
1038
underlying code more testable so that you don't need to rely on monkey
1042
Observing calls to a function
1043
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1045
Sometimes it's useful to observe how a function is called, typically when
1046
calling it has side effects but the side effects are not easy to observe
1047
from a test case. For instance the function may be expensive and we want
1048
to assert it is not called too many times, or it has effects on the
1049
machine that are safe to run during a test but not easy to measure. In
1050
these cases, you can use `recordCalls` which will monkey-patch in a
1051
wrapper that records when the function is called.
1054
Temporarily changing environment variables
1055
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1057
If yout test needs to temporarily change some environment variable value
1058
(which generally means you want it restored at the end), you can use::
1060
self.overrideEnv('BZR_ENV_VAR', 'new_value')
1062
If you want to remove a variable from the environment, you should use the
1063
special ``None`` value::
1065
self.overrideEnv('PATH', None)
1067
If you add a new feature which depends on a new environment variable, make
1068
sure it behaves properly when this variable is not defined (if applicable) and
1069
if you need to enforce a specific default value, check the
1070
``TestCase._cleanEnvironment`` in ``bzrlib.tests.__init__.py`` which defines a
1071
proper set of values for all tests.
1076
Our base ``TestCase`` class provides an ``addCleanup`` method, which
1077
should be used instead of ``tearDown``. All the cleanups are run when the
1078
test finishes, regardless of whether it passes or fails. If one cleanup
1079
fails, later cleanups are still run.
1081
(The same facility is available outside of tests through
1082
``bzrlib.cleanup``.)
1088
Generally we prefer automated testing but sometimes a manual test is the
1089
right thing, especially for performance tests that want to measure elapsed
1090
time rather than effort.
1092
Simulating slow networks
1093
------------------------
1095
To get realistically slow network performance for manually measuring
1096
performance, we can simulate 500ms latency (thus 1000ms round trips)::
1098
$ sudo tc qdisc add dev lo root netem delay 500ms
1100
Normal system behaviour is restored with ::
1102
$ sudo tc qdisc del dev lo root
1104
A more precise version that only filters traffic to port 4155 is::
1106
tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: prio
1107
tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:3 handle 30: netem delay 500ms
1108
tc filter add dev lo protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 3 u32 match ip dport 4155 0xffff flowid 1:3
1109
tc filter add dev lo protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 3 u32 match ip sport 4155 0xffff flowid 1:3
1111
and to remove this::
1113
tc filter del dev lo protocol ip parent 1: pref 3 u32
1114
tc qdisc del dev lo root handle 1:
1116
You can use similar code to add additional delay to a real network
1117
interface, perhaps only when talking to a particular server or pointing at
1118
a VM. For more information see <http://lartc.org/>.
540
1121
.. |--| unicode:: U+2014
1124
vim: ft=rst tw=74 ai et sw=4
added
removed
doc/developers/testing.txt
