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26
For other platforms and to install from source code, see the Download_
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27
and Installation_ pages.
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.. _installation instructions for Windows: http://bazaar-vcs.org/WindowsDownloads
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.. _installation instructions for Mac OS X: http://bazaar-vcs.org/MacOSXBundle
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.. _Download: http://bazaar-vcs.org/Download
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.. _Installation: http://bazaar-vcs.org/InstallationFaq
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.. _installation instructions for Windows: http://wiki.bazaar.canonical.com/WindowsDownloads
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.. _installation instructions for Mac OS X: http://wiki.bazaar.canonical.com/MacOSXBundle
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.. _Download: http://wiki.bazaar.canonical.com/Download
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.. _Installation: http://wiki.bazaar.canonical.com/InstallationFaq
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35
Introducing yourself
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36
====================
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Before you start working, it is good to tell Bazaar who you are. That
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way your work is properly identified in revision logs.
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Bazaar records changes to source code, and it records who made the change.
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The person is identified by their name and email address. (If you're
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concerned about spam, you don't need to use a real address that you
41
actually read, but the convention is that it looks like an email address.)
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Using your name and email address, instead of John Doe's, type::
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Before you start working, let's tell Bazaar who you are. Using your name
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and email address, instead of John Doe's, type::
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$ bzr whoami "John Doe <john.doe@gmail.com>"
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Bazaar will now create or modify a configuration file, including your
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name and email address.
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Now, check that your name and email address are correctly registered::
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You can check what identity is stored in Bazaar's configuration::
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John Doe <john.doe@gmail.com>
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Putting files under version control
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===================================
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Let's create a directory and some files to use with Bazaar::
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$ touch test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt subdirectory/test4.txt
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**Note for Windows users:** use Windows Explorer to create your
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directories, then right-click in those directories and select
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``New file`` to create your files.
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Now get Bazaar to initalize itself in your project directory::
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If it looks like nothing happened, don't worry. Bazaar has created a
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branch_ where it will store your files and their revision histories.
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.. _branch: http://bazaar-vcs.org/Branch
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The next step is to tell Bazaar which files you want to track. Running
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``bzr add`` will recursively add everything in the project::
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added subdirectory/test4.txt
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Next, take a snapshot of your files by committing them to your branch. Add
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a message to explain why you made the commit::
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$ bzr commit -m "Initial import"
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As Bazaar is a distributed version control system, it doesn't need to
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connect to a central server to make the commit. Instead, Bazaar stores your
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branch and all its commits inside the directory you're working with; look
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for the ``.bzr`` sub-directory.
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Starting a new project
55
======================
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Let's suppose we want to store a new project under Bazaar. First, we'll
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make a *repository directory* to hold all our work related to this
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project, where developers can create branches to test development of
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specific features or, more generally, modifications to the working file
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After creating the repository, change to that directory, and create the
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project's main trunk branch.
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Now that we have the trunk, we need to move to that directory and
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create some example files for the first version of that project. Create
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a file ``test1.txt`` using a text editor (like emacs, nano, or notepad),
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and save it. Then we'll "add" the file, which tells bzr we want it to
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and then commit, which saves a snapshot of all versioned files::
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bzr commit -m "Added first line of text"
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Making changes to your files
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91
============================
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Let's change a file and commit that change to your branch.
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96
Edit ``test1.txt`` in your favourite editor, then check what have you done::
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Publishing your branch with sftp
146
================================
148
There are a couple of ways to publish your branch. If you already have
149
an SFTP server or are comfortable setting one up, you can publish your
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Otherwise, skip to the next section to publish with Launchpad_, a free
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hosting service for Bazaar.
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.. _Launchpad: https://launchpad.net/
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Let's assume you want to publish your branch at ``www.example.com/myproject``::
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$ bzr push --create-prefix sftp://your.name@example.com/~/public_html/myproject
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2 revision(s) pushed.
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Bazaar will create a ``myproject`` directory on the remote server and
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push your branch to it.
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Now anyone can create their own copy of your branch by typing::
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$ bzr branch http://www.example.com/myproject
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**Note:** to use sftp, you may need to install ``paramiko`` and
170
``pyCrypto``. See http://bazaar-vcs.org/InstallationFaq for details.
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Publishing your branch with Launchpad
174
=====================================
176
Launchpad is a suite of development and hosting tools for free
177
software projects. You can use it to publish your branch.
133
Publishing your branch on Launchpad
134
===================================
136
Launchpad is a suite of development and hosting tools for
137
software projects. You can use it to publish your branch. (You can
138
also publish branches onto your own server or other hosting services.)
179
140
If you don't have a Launchpad account, follow the `account signup guide`_
180
141
and `register an SSH key`_ in your new Launchpad account.
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146
Replacing ``john.doe`` with your own Launchpad username, type::
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$ bzr push bzr+ssh://john.doe@bazaar.launchpad.net/~john.doe/+junk/myproject
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$ bzr push lp:~john.doe/+junk/myproject
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**Note:** ``+junk`` means that this branch isn't associated with any particular
190
project in Launchpad.
150
**Note**: ``+junk`` is a place to store experimental branches not
151
associated with any particular project. Normally, you should push a
152
project into an existing project, or register a new project through the
192
155
Now, anyone can create their own copy of your branch by typing::
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$ bzr branch http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~john.doe/+junk/myproject
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$ bzr branch lp:~john.doe/+junk/myproject
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159
You can also see information about your branch, including its revision
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160
history, at https://code.launchpad.net/people/+me/+junk/myproject
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163
Creating your own copy of another branch
201
164
========================================
203
To work with someone else's code, you can make your own copy of their
166
To work with someone else's code, you can make your own copy of their
204
167
branch. Let's take a real-world example, Bazaar's GTK interface::
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$ bzr branch http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~bzr/bzr-gtk/trunk bzr-gtk.john
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Branched 292 revision(s).
169
$ bzr init-repo ~/bzr-gtk
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$ bzr branch lp:~bzr/bzr-gtk/trunk ~/bzr-gtk/john
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Branched 292 revision(s).
209
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Bazaar will download all the files and complete revision history from the
210
bzr-gtk project's trunk branch and create a copy called bzr-gtk.john.
174
bzr-gtk project's trunk branch and create a copy called ``john``.
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Now, you have your own copy of the branch and can commit changes with
213
or without a net connection. You can share your branch at any time by
214
publishing it and, if the bzr-gtk team want to use your work, Bazaar
176
Now, you have your own copy of the branch and can commit changes with
177
or without a net connection. You can share your branch at any time by
178
publishing it and, if the bzr-gtk team want to use your work, Bazaar
215
179
makes it easy for them to merge your branch back into their trunk branch.
225
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the parent into your personal branch::
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Using saved location: http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~bzr/bzr-gtk/trunk
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Merging from saved parent location: http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~bzr/bzr-gtk/trunk
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193
All changes applied successfully.
231
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Check what has changed::
199
If different branches have made changes to the same areas of the same
200
files, then merging them may generate conflicts. When this happens,
201
Bazaar puts text markers like ``<<<<<<<`` into the files, and records them
202
in a list of conflicted files. You should edit the files to reflect the
203
way you want to resolve the conflicts, use ``bzr diff`` to check the
204
changes, and then ``bzr resolve`` to mark them as resolved.
235
206
If you're happy with the changes, you can commit them to your personal
239
210
Committed revision 295.
242
Merging your work into the parent branch
243
========================================
245
After you've worked on your personal branch of bzr-gtk, you may want to
246
send your changes back upstream to the project. The easiest way is to
247
use a merge directive.
249
A merge directive is a machine-readable request to perform a
250
particular merge. It usually contains a patch preview of the merge
251
and either contains the necessary revisions, or provides a branch
252
where they can be found.
254
Replacing ``mycode.patch``, create your merge directive::
256
$ bzr send -o mycode.patch
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Using saved location: http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~bzr/bzr-gtk/trunk
259
You can now email the merge directive to the bzr-gtk project who, if
260
they choose, can use it merge your work back into the parent branch.