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# Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Canonical Ltd
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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"""Tests for the formatting and construction of errors."""
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from bzrlib.tests import (
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TestCaseWithTransport,
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class TestErrors(TestCaseWithTransport):
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def test_no_arg_named_message(self):
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"""Ensure the __init__ and _fmt in errors do not have "message" arg.
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This test fails if __init__ or _fmt in errors has an argument
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named "message" as this can cause errors in some Python versions.
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Python 2.5 uses a slot for StandardError.message.
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fmt_pattern = re.compile("%\(message\)[sir]")
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subclasses_present = getattr(errors.BzrError, '__subclasses__', None)
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if not subclasses_present:
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raise TestSkipped('__subclasses__ attribute required for classes. '
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'Requires Python 2.5 or later.')
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for c in errors.BzrError.__subclasses__():
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init = getattr(c, '__init__', None)
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fmt = getattr(c, '_fmt', None)
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args = inspect.getargspec(init)[0]
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self.assertFalse('message' in args,
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('Argument name "message" not allowed for '
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'"errors.%s.__init__"' % c.__name__))
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if fmt and fmt_pattern.search(fmt):
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self.assertFalse(True, ('"message" not allowed in '
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'"errors.%s._fmt"' % c.__name__))
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def test_bad_filename_encoding(self):
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error = errors.BadFilenameEncoding('bad/filen\xe5me', 'UTF-8')
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"Filename 'bad/filen\\xe5me' is not valid in your current"
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" filesystem encoding UTF-8",
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def test_corrupt_dirstate(self):
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error = errors.CorruptDirstate('path/to/dirstate', 'the reason why')
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"Inconsistency in dirstate file path/to/dirstate.\n"
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"Error: the reason why",
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def test_dirstate_corrupt(self):
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error = errors.DirstateCorrupt('.bzr/checkout/dirstate',
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'trailing garbage: "x"')
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self.assertEqualDiff("The dirstate file (.bzr/checkout/dirstate)"
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" appears to be corrupt: trailing garbage: \"x\"",
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def test_disabled_method(self):
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error = errors.DisabledMethod("class name")
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"The smart server method 'class name' is disabled.", str(error))
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def test_duplicate_file_id(self):
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error = errors.DuplicateFileId('a_file_id', 'foo')
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self.assertEqualDiff('File id {a_file_id} already exists in inventory'
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' as foo', str(error))
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def test_duplicate_help_prefix(self):
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error = errors.DuplicateHelpPrefix('foo')
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self.assertEqualDiff('The prefix foo is in the help search path twice.',
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def test_ghost_revisions_have_no_revno(self):
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error = errors.GhostRevisionsHaveNoRevno('target', 'ghost_rev')
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self.assertEqualDiff("Could not determine revno for {target} because"
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" its ancestry shows a ghost at {ghost_rev}",
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def test_incompatibleAPI(self):
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error = errors.IncompatibleAPI("module", (1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9))
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self.assertEqualDiff(
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'The API for "module" is not compatible with "(1, 2, 3)". '
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'It supports versions "(4, 5, 6)" to "(7, 8, 9)".',
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def test_inconsistent_delta(self):
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error = errors.InconsistentDelta('path', 'file-id', 'reason for foo')
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self.assertEqualDiff(
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"An inconsistent delta was supplied involving 'path', 'file-id'\n"
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"reason: reason for foo",
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def test_inconsistent_delta_delta(self):
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error = errors.InconsistentDeltaDelta([], 'reason')
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self.assertEqualDiff(
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"An inconsistent delta was supplied: []\nreason: reason",
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def test_in_process_transport(self):
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error = errors.InProcessTransport('fpp')
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self.assertEqualDiff(
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"The transport 'fpp' is only accessible within this process.",
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def test_invalid_http_range(self):
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error = errors.InvalidHttpRange('path',
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'Content-Range: potatoes 0-00/o0oo0',
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self.assertEquals("Invalid http range"
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" 'Content-Range: potatoes 0-00/o0oo0'"
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" for path: bad range",
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def test_invalid_range(self):
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error = errors.InvalidRange('path', 12, 'bad range')
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self.assertEquals("Invalid range access in path at 12: bad range",
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def test_inventory_modified(self):
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error = errors.InventoryModified("a tree to be repred")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The current inventory for the tree 'a tree to "
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"be repred' has been modified, so a clean inventory cannot be "
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"read without data loss.",
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def test_jail_break(self):
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error = errors.JailBreak("some url")
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self.assertEqualDiff("An attempt to access a url outside the server"
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" jail was made: 'some url'.",
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def test_lock_active(self):
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error = errors.LockActive("lock description")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The lock for 'lock description' is in use and "
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def test_lock_corrupt(self):
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error = errors.LockCorrupt("corruption info")
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self.assertEqualDiff("Lock is apparently held, but corrupted: "
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"Use 'bzr break-lock' to clear it",
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def test_knit_data_stream_incompatible(self):
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error = errors.KnitDataStreamIncompatible(
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'stream format', 'target format')
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self.assertEqual('Cannot insert knit data stream of format '
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'"stream format" into knit of format '
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'"target format".', str(error))
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def test_knit_data_stream_unknown(self):
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error = errors.KnitDataStreamUnknown(
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self.assertEqual('Cannot parse knit data stream of format '
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'"stream format".', str(error))
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def test_knit_header_error(self):
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error = errors.KnitHeaderError('line foo\n', 'path/to/file')
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self.assertEqual("Knit header error: 'line foo\\n' unexpected"
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" for file \"path/to/file\".", str(error))
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def test_knit_index_unknown_method(self):
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error = errors.KnitIndexUnknownMethod('http://host/foo.kndx',
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self.assertEqual("Knit index http://host/foo.kndx does not have a"
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" known method in options: ['bad', 'no-eol']",
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def test_medium_not_connected(self):
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error = errors.MediumNotConnected("a medium")
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self.assertEqualDiff(
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"The medium 'a medium' is not connected.", str(error))
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def test_no_public_branch(self):
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b = self.make_branch('.')
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error = errors.NoPublicBranch(b)
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url = urlutils.unescape_for_display(b.base, 'ascii')
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self.assertEqualDiff(
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'There is no public branch set for "%s".' % url, str(error))
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def test_no_repo(self):
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dir = bzrdir.BzrDir.create(self.get_url())
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error = errors.NoRepositoryPresent(dir)
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self.assertNotEqual(-1, str(error).find((dir.transport.clone('..').base)))
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self.assertEqual(-1, str(error).find((dir.transport.base)))
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def test_no_smart_medium(self):
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error = errors.NoSmartMedium("a transport")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The transport 'a transport' cannot tunnel the "
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def test_no_help_topic(self):
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error = errors.NoHelpTopic("topic")
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self.assertEqualDiff("No help could be found for 'topic'. "
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"Please use 'bzr help topics' to obtain a list of topics.",
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def test_no_such_id(self):
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error = errors.NoSuchId("atree", "anid")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The file id \"anid\" is not present in the tree "
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def test_no_such_revision_in_tree(self):
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error = errors.NoSuchRevisionInTree("atree", "anid")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The revision id {anid} is not present in the"
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" tree atree.", str(error))
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self.assertIsInstance(error, errors.NoSuchRevision)
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def test_not_stacked(self):
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error = errors.NotStacked('a branch')
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self.assertEqualDiff("The branch 'a branch' is not stacked.",
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def test_not_write_locked(self):
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error = errors.NotWriteLocked('a thing to repr')
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self.assertEqualDiff("'a thing to repr' is not write locked but needs "
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def test_lock_failed(self):
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error = errors.LockFailed('http://canonical.com/', 'readonly transport')
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self.assertEqualDiff("Cannot lock http://canonical.com/: readonly transport",
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self.assertFalse(error.internal_error)
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def test_too_many_concurrent_requests(self):
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error = errors.TooManyConcurrentRequests("a medium")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The medium 'a medium' has reached its concurrent "
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"request limit. Be sure to finish_writing and finish_reading on "
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"the currently open request.",
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def test_unavailable_representation(self):
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error = errors.UnavailableRepresentation(('key',), "mpdiff", "fulltext")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The encoding 'mpdiff' is not available for key "
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"('key',) which is encoded as 'fulltext'.",
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def test_unknown_hook(self):
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error = errors.UnknownHook("branch", "foo")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The branch hook 'foo' is unknown in this version"
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error = errors.UnknownHook("tree", "bar")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The tree hook 'bar' is unknown in this version"
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def test_unstackable_branch_format(self):
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error = errors.UnstackableBranchFormat(format, url)
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self.assertEqualDiff(
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"The branch '/foo'(foo) is not a stackable format. "
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"You will need to upgrade the branch to permit branch stacking.",
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def test_unstackable_location(self):
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error = errors.UnstackableLocationError('foo', 'bar')
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self.assertEqualDiff("The branch 'foo' cannot be stacked on 'bar'.",
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def test_unstackable_repository_format(self):
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error = errors.UnstackableRepositoryFormat(format, url)
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self.assertEqualDiff(
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"The repository '/foo'(foo) is not a stackable format. "
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"You will need to upgrade the repository to permit branch stacking.",
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def test_up_to_date(self):
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error = errors.UpToDateFormat("someformat")
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self.assertEqualDiff(
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"The branch format someformat is already at the most "
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"recent format.", str(error))
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def test_corrupt_repository(self):
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repo = self.make_repository('.')
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error = errors.CorruptRepository(repo)
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self.assertEqualDiff("An error has been detected in the repository %s.\n"
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"Please run bzr reconcile on this repository." %
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repo.bzrdir.root_transport.base,
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def test_read_error(self):
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# a unicode path to check that %r is being used.
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error = errors.ReadError(path)
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self.assertEqualDiff("Error reading from u'a path'.", str(error))
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def test_bad_index_format_signature(self):
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error = errors.BadIndexFormatSignature("foo", "bar")
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self.assertEqual("foo is not an index of type bar.",
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def test_bad_index_data(self):
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error = errors.BadIndexData("foo")
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self.assertEqual("Error in data for index foo.",
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def test_bad_index_duplicate_key(self):
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error = errors.BadIndexDuplicateKey("foo", "bar")
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self.assertEqual("The key 'foo' is already in index 'bar'.",
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def test_bad_index_key(self):
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error = errors.BadIndexKey("foo")
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self.assertEqual("The key 'foo' is not a valid key.",
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def test_bad_index_options(self):
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error = errors.BadIndexOptions("foo")
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self.assertEqual("Could not parse options for index foo.",
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def test_bad_index_value(self):
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error = errors.BadIndexValue("foo")
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self.assertEqual("The value 'foo' is not a valid value.",
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def test_bzrnewerror_is_deprecated(self):
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class DeprecatedError(errors.BzrNewError):
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self.callDeprecated(['BzrNewError was deprecated in bzr 0.13; '
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'please convert DeprecatedError to use BzrError instead'],
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def test_bzrerror_from_literal_string(self):
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# Some code constructs BzrError from a literal string, in which case
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# no further formatting is done. (I'm not sure raising the base class
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# is a great idea, but if the exception is not intended to be caught
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# perhaps no more is needed.)
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raise errors.BzrError('this is my errors; %d is not expanded')
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except errors.BzrError, e:
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self.assertEqual('this is my errors; %d is not expanded', str(e))
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def test_reading_completed(self):
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error = errors.ReadingCompleted("a request")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The MediumRequest 'a request' has already had "
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"finish_reading called upon it - the request has been completed and"
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" no more data may be read.",
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def test_writing_completed(self):
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error = errors.WritingCompleted("a request")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The MediumRequest 'a request' has already had "
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"finish_writing called upon it - accept bytes may not be called "
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def test_writing_not_completed(self):
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error = errors.WritingNotComplete("a request")
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self.assertEqualDiff("The MediumRequest 'a request' has not has "
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"finish_writing called upon it - until the write phase is complete"
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" no data may be read.",
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def test_transport_not_possible(self):
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error = errors.TransportNotPossible('readonly', 'original error')
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self.assertEqualDiff('Transport operation not possible:'
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' readonly original error', str(error))
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def assertSocketConnectionError(self, expected, *args, **kwargs):
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"""Check the formatting of a SocketConnectionError exception"""
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e = errors.SocketConnectionError(*args, **kwargs)
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self.assertEqual(expected, str(e))
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def test_socket_connection_error(self):
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"""Test the formatting of SocketConnectionError"""
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# There should be a default msg about failing to connect
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# we only require a host name.
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self.assertSocketConnectionError(
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'Failed to connect to ahost',
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# If port is None, we don't put :None
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self.assertSocketConnectionError(
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'Failed to connect to ahost',
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# But if port is supplied we include it
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self.assertSocketConnectionError(
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'Failed to connect to ahost:22',
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# We can also supply extra information about the error
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# with or without a port
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self.assertSocketConnectionError(
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'Failed to connect to ahost:22; bogus error',
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'ahost', port=22, orig_error='bogus error')
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self.assertSocketConnectionError(
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'Failed to connect to ahost; bogus error',
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'ahost', orig_error='bogus error')
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# An exception object can be passed rather than a string
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orig_error = ValueError('bad value')
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self.assertSocketConnectionError(
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'Failed to connect to ahost; %s' % (str(orig_error),),
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host='ahost', orig_error=orig_error)
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# And we can supply a custom failure message
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self.assertSocketConnectionError(
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'Unable to connect to ssh host ahost:444; my_error',
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host='ahost', port=444, msg='Unable to connect to ssh host',
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orig_error='my_error')
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def test_target_not_branch(self):
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"""Test the formatting of TargetNotBranch."""
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error = errors.TargetNotBranch('foo')
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"Your branch does not have all of the revisions required in "
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"order to merge this merge directive and the target "
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"location specified in the merge directive is not a branch: "
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def test_malformed_bug_identifier(self):
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"""Test the formatting of MalformedBugIdentifier."""
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error = errors.MalformedBugIdentifier('bogus', 'reason for bogosity')
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'Did not understand bug identifier bogus: reason for bogosity. '
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'See "bzr help bugs" for more information on this feature.',
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def test_unknown_bug_tracker_abbreviation(self):
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"""Test the formatting of UnknownBugTrackerAbbreviation."""
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branch = self.make_branch('some_branch')
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error = errors.UnknownBugTrackerAbbreviation('xxx', branch)
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"Cannot find registered bug tracker called xxx on %s" % branch,
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def test_unexpected_smart_server_response(self):
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e = errors.UnexpectedSmartServerResponse(('not yes',))
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"Could not understand response from smart server: ('not yes',)",
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def test_unknown_container_format(self):
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"""Test the formatting of UnknownContainerFormatError."""
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e = errors.UnknownContainerFormatError('bad format string')
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"Unrecognised container format: 'bad format string'",
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def test_unexpected_end_of_container(self):
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"""Test the formatting of UnexpectedEndOfContainerError."""
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e = errors.UnexpectedEndOfContainerError()
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"Unexpected end of container stream", str(e))
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def test_unknown_record_type(self):
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"""Test the formatting of UnknownRecordTypeError."""
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e = errors.UnknownRecordTypeError("X")
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"Unknown record type: 'X'",
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def test_invalid_record(self):
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"""Test the formatting of InvalidRecordError."""
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e = errors.InvalidRecordError("xxx")
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"Invalid record: xxx",
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def test_container_has_excess_data(self):
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"""Test the formatting of ContainerHasExcessDataError."""
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e = errors.ContainerHasExcessDataError("excess bytes")
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"Container has data after end marker: 'excess bytes'",
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def test_duplicate_record_name_error(self):
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"""Test the formatting of DuplicateRecordNameError."""
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e = errors.DuplicateRecordNameError(u"n\xe5me".encode('utf-8'))
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"Container has multiple records with the same name: n\xc3\xa5me",
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def test_check_error(self):
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# This has a member called 'message', which is problematic in
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# python2.5 because that is a slot on the base Exception class
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e = errors.BzrCheckError('example check failure')
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"Internal check failed: example check failure",
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self.assertTrue(e.internal_error)
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def test_repository_data_stream_error(self):
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"""Test the formatting of RepositoryDataStreamError."""
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e = errors.RepositoryDataStreamError(u"my reason")
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"Corrupt or incompatible data stream: my reason", str(e))
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def test_immortal_pending_deletion_message(self):
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err = errors.ImmortalPendingDeletion('foo')
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"Unable to delete transform temporary directory foo. "
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"Please examine foo to see if it contains any files "
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"you wish to keep, and delete it when you are done.",
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def test_unable_create_symlink(self):
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err = errors.UnableCreateSymlink()
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"Unable to create symlink on this platform",
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err = errors.UnableCreateSymlink(path=u'foo')
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"Unable to create symlink 'foo' on this platform",
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err = errors.UnableCreateSymlink(path=u'\xb5')
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"Unable to create symlink u'\\xb5' on this platform",
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def test_invalid_url_join(self):
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"""Test the formatting of InvalidURLJoin."""
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e = errors.InvalidURLJoin('Reason', 'base path', ('args',))
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"Invalid URL join request: Reason: 'base path' + ('args',)",
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def test_incorrect_url(self):
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err = errors.InvalidBugTrackerURL('foo', 'http://bug.com/')
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("The URL for bug tracker \"foo\" doesn't contain {id}: "
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def test_unable_encode_path(self):
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err = errors.UnableEncodePath('foo', 'executable')
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self.assertEquals("Unable to encode executable path 'foo' in "
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"user encoding " + osutils.get_user_encoding(),
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def test_unknown_format(self):
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err = errors.UnknownFormatError('bar', kind='foo')
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self.assertEquals("Unknown foo format: 'bar'", str(err))
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def test_unknown_rules(self):
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err = errors.UnknownRules(['foo', 'bar'])
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self.assertEquals("Unknown rules detected: foo, bar.", str(err))
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def test_hook_failed(self):
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# Create an exc_info tuple by raising and catching an exception.
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except ZeroDivisionError:
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err = errors.HookFailed('hook stage', 'hook name', sys.exc_info(),
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# GZ 2010-11-08: Should not store exc_info in exception instances, but
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# HookFailed is deprecated anyway and could maybe go.
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self.assertStartsWith(
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str(err), 'Hook \'hook name\' during hook stage failed:\n')
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str(err), 'integer division or modulo by zero')
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def test_tip_change_rejected(self):
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err = errors.TipChangeRejected(u'Unicode message\N{INTERROBANG}')
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u'Tip change rejected: Unicode message\N{INTERROBANG}',
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'Tip change rejected: Unicode message\xe2\x80\xbd',
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def test_error_from_smart_server(self):
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error_tuple = ('error', 'tuple')
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err = errors.ErrorFromSmartServer(error_tuple)
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"Error received from smart server: ('error', 'tuple')", str(err))
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def test_untranslateable_error_from_smart_server(self):
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error_tuple = ('error', 'tuple')
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orig_err = errors.ErrorFromSmartServer(error_tuple)
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err = errors.UnknownErrorFromSmartServer(orig_err)
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"Server sent an unexpected error: ('error', 'tuple')", str(err))
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def test_smart_message_handler_error(self):
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# Make an exc_info tuple.
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raise Exception("example error")
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err = errors.SmartMessageHandlerError(sys.exc_info())
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# GZ 2010-11-08: Should not store exc_info in exception instances.
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self.assertStartsWith(
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str(err), "The message handler raised an exception:\n")
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self.assertEndsWith(str(err), "Exception: example error\n")
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def test_must_have_working_tree(self):
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err = errors.MustHaveWorkingTree('foo', 'bar')
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self.assertEqual(str(err), "Branching 'bar'(foo) must create a"
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def test_no_such_view(self):
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err = errors.NoSuchView('foo')
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self.assertEquals("No such view: foo.", str(err))
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def test_views_not_supported(self):
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err = errors.ViewsNotSupported('atree')
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self.assertStartsWith(err_str, "Views are not supported by ")
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self.assertEndsWith(err_str, "; use 'bzr upgrade' to change your "
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"tree to a later format.")
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def test_file_outside_view(self):
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err = errors.FileOutsideView('baz', ['foo', 'bar'])
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self.assertEquals('Specified file "baz" is outside the current view: '
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'foo, bar', str(err))
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def test_invalid_shelf_id(self):
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err = errors.InvalidShelfId(invalid_id)
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self.assertEqual('"foo" is not a valid shelf id, '
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'try a number instead.', str(err))
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def test_unresumable_write_group(self):
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wg_tokens = ['token']
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err = errors.UnresumableWriteGroup(repo, wg_tokens, reason)
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"Repository dummy repo cannot resume write group "
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"['token']: a reason", str(err))
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def test_unsuspendable_write_group(self):
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err = errors.UnsuspendableWriteGroup(repo)
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'Repository dummy repo cannot suspend a write group.', str(err))
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def test_not_branch_no_args(self):
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err = errors.NotBranchError('path')
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self.assertEqual('Not a branch: "path".', str(err))
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def test_not_branch_bzrdir_with_repo(self):
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bzrdir = self.make_repository('repo').bzrdir
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err = errors.NotBranchError('path', bzrdir=bzrdir)
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'Not a branch: "path": location is a repository.', str(err))
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def test_not_branch_bzrdir_without_repo(self):
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bzrdir = self.make_bzrdir('bzrdir')
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err = errors.NotBranchError('path', bzrdir=bzrdir)
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self.assertEqual('Not a branch: "path".', str(err))
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def test_not_branch_bzrdir_with_recursive_not_branch_error(self):
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class FakeBzrDir(object):
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def open_repository(self):
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# str() on the NotBranchError will trigger a call to this,
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# which in turn will another, identical NotBranchError.
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raise errors.NotBranchError('path', bzrdir=FakeBzrDir())
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err = errors.NotBranchError('path', bzrdir=FakeBzrDir())
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self.assertEqual('Not a branch: "path".', str(err))
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def test_not_branch_laziness(self):
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real_bzrdir = self.make_bzrdir('path')
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class FakeBzrDir(object):
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def open_repository(self):
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self.calls.append('open_repository')
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raise errors.NoRepositoryPresent(real_bzrdir)
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fake_bzrdir = FakeBzrDir()
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err = errors.NotBranchError('path', bzrdir=fake_bzrdir)
704
self.assertEqual([], fake_bzrdir.calls)
706
self.assertEqual(['open_repository'], fake_bzrdir.calls)
707
# Stringifying twice doesn't try to open a repository twice.
709
self.assertEqual(['open_repository'], fake_bzrdir.calls)
711
def test_invalid_pattern(self):
712
error = errors.InvalidPattern('Bad pattern msg.')
713
self.assertEqualDiff("Invalid pattern(s) found. Bad pattern msg.",
716
def test_recursive_bind(self):
717
error = errors.RecursiveBind('foo_bar_branch')
718
msg = ('Branch "foo_bar_branch" appears to be bound to itself. '
719
'Please use `bzr unbind` to fix.')
720
self.assertEqualDiff(msg, str(error))
723
class PassThroughError(errors.BzrError):
725
_fmt = """Pass through %(foo)s and %(bar)s"""
727
def __init__(self, foo, bar):
728
errors.BzrError.__init__(self, foo=foo, bar=bar)
731
class ErrorWithBadFormat(errors.BzrError):
733
_fmt = """One format specifier: %(thing)s"""
736
class ErrorWithNoFormat(errors.BzrError):
737
__doc__ = """This class has a docstring but no format string."""
740
class TestErrorFormatting(TestCase):
742
def test_always_str(self):
743
e = PassThroughError(u'\xb5', 'bar')
744
self.assertIsInstance(e.__str__(), str)
745
# In Python str(foo) *must* return a real byte string
746
# not a Unicode string. The following line would raise a
747
# Unicode error, because it tries to call str() on the string
748
# returned from e.__str__(), and it has non ascii characters
750
self.assertEqual('Pass through \xc2\xb5 and bar', s)
752
def test_missing_format_string(self):
753
e = ErrorWithNoFormat(param='randomvalue')
754
s = self.callDeprecated(
755
['ErrorWithNoFormat uses its docstring as a format, it should use _fmt instead'],
759
"This class has a docstring but no format string.")
761
def test_mismatched_format_args(self):
762
# Even though ErrorWithBadFormat's format string does not match the
763
# arguments we constructing it with, we can still stringify an instance
764
# of this exception. The resulting string will say its unprintable.
765
e = ErrorWithBadFormat(not_thing='x')
766
self.assertStartsWith(
767
str(e), 'Unprintable exception ErrorWithBadFormat')
769
def test_cannot_bind_address(self):
770
# see <https://bugs.launchpad.net/bzr/+bug/286871>
771
e = errors.CannotBindAddress('example.com', 22,
772
socket.error(13, 'Permission denied'))
773
self.assertContainsRe(str(e),
774
r'Cannot bind address "example\.com:22":.*Permission denied')
776
def test_file_timestamp_unavailable(self):
777
e = errors.FileTimestampUnavailable("/path/foo")
778
self.assertEquals("The filestamp for /path/foo is not available.",
781
def test_transform_rename_failed(self):
782
e = errors.TransformRenameFailed(u"from", u"to", "readonly file", 2)
784
u"Failed to rename from to to: readonly file",
added
removed
bzrlib/tests/test_errors.py
