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Using stacked branches
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======================
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If you are working on a project, and you have read access to whose
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public repository but do not have write access to it, using stacked
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branches to backup/publish your work onto the same host of the public
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repository might be an option for you.
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Other scenarios for stacked branch usage include experimental branches
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and code hosting sites. For these scenarios, stacked branches are
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ideal because of the benefits it provides.
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What is a stacked branch?
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A stacked branch is a branch that knows how to find revisions in
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another branch (the stacked-on branch). Stacked branches store just
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the unique revisions that are not in the stacked-on branch, making
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them faster to create and more storage efficient. In these respects,
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stacked branches are similar to shared repositories. However, stacked
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branches have additional benefits:
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A stacked branch is a branch that knows how to find revisions
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in another branch. Stacked branches store just the
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unique revisions, making them faster to create and more
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storage efficient. In these respects, stacked branches are
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similar to shared repositories. However, stacked branches have
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* The new branch can be in a completely different location to the
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branch being stacked on.
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than leaving them in a shared repository).
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* Security is improved over shared repositories, because the stacked-on
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repository can be physically readonly to developers committing to stacked
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repository can be physically readonly to developers committing to stacked
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These benefits make stacked branches ideal for various scenarios
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including experimental branches and code hosting sites.
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Creating a stacked branch
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-------------------------
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This creates a new branch at ``my-url`` that is stacked on ``reference-url``
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and only contains the revisions in the current branch that are not already
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in the branch at ``reference-url``. In particular, ``my-url`` and
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``reference-url`` can be on the same host, and the ``--stacked-on`` option
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can be used additionally to inform ``push`` to reference the
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revisions in ``reference-url``. For example::
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bzr push --stacked-on bzr+ssh://host/project bzr+ssh://host/user/stacked-branch
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This usage fits the scenario described in the Motivation section.
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You can also use the ``--stacked`` option without specifying ``--stacked-on``.
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This will automatically set the *stacked-on* location to the parent branch of
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the branch you are pushing (or its ``public_location`` if configured). For
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bzr branch source-url my-dir
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bzr commit -m "fix bug"
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You can combine ``bzr branch --stacked`` and ``bzr push --stacked`` to work on a
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branch without downloading or uploading the whole history::
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in the branch at ``reference-url``.
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If the local branch was created as a stacked branch, then you can
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use the ``--stacked`` option to ``push`` and the *stacked-on* location
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will be implicit. For example::
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bzr branch --stacked source-url my-dir
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Limitations of stacked branches
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The important thing to remember about a stacked branch is that the stacked-on
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branch needs to be accessible for almost all operations. This is not an issue
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when both branches are local, or when both branches are on the same server and
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the stacked-on location is a relative path. But clearly a branch hosted on a
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server with a stacked-on location of ``file:///...`` is not going to work for
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anyone except the user that originally pushed it. It's a good idea to configure
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``public_location`` to help prevent that.
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Similarly, because most of the history is stored in the stacked-on repository,
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operations like ``bzr log`` can be slower when the stacked-on repository is
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accessed via a network.
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If a stacked branch is in a format older than 2a, you cannot commit to it due to
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.. _bug 375013: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bzr/+bug/375013
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The important thing to remember about a stacked branch is that the
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stacked-on branch needs to be available for almost all operations. This is
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not an issue when both branches are local or both branches are on the
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Changing branch stacking