15
14
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16
15
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
19
__copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2005 Canonical Ltd."
20
__author__ = "Martin Pool <mbp@canonical.com>"
23
######################################################################
17
"""Exceptions for bzr, and reporting of them.
19
There are 3 different classes of error:
21
* KeyboardInterrupt, and OSError with EPIPE - the program terminates
22
with an appropriate short message
24
* User errors, indicating a problem caused by the user such as a bad URL.
25
These are printed in a short form.
27
* Internal unexpected errors, including most Python builtin errors
28
and some raised from inside bzr. These are printed with a full
29
traceback and an invitation to report the bug.
31
Exceptions are caught at a high level to report errors to the user, and
32
might also be caught inside the program. Therefore it needs to be
33
possible to convert them to a meaningful string, and also for them to be
34
interrogated by the program.
36
Exceptions are defined such that the arguments given to the constructor
37
are stored in the object as properties of the same name. When the
38
object is printed as a string, the doc string of the class is used as
39
a format string with the property dictionary available to it.
41
This means that exceptions can used like this:
45
... raise NotBranchError(path='/foo/bar')
47
... print sys.exc_type
48
... print sys.exc_value
49
... path = getattr(sys.exc_value, 'path', None)
50
... if path is not None:
52
bzrlib.errors.NotBranchError
53
Not a branch: /foo/bar
58
* create a new exception class for any class of error that can be
59
usefully distinguished. If no callers are likely to want to catch
60
one but not another, don't worry about them.
62
* the __str__ method should generate something useful; BzrError provides
63
a good default implementation
65
Exception strings should start with a capital letter and should not have a
69
from warnings import warn
71
from bzrlib.patches import (PatchSyntax,
78
# based on Scott James Remnant's hct error classes
80
# TODO: is there any value in providing the .args field used by standard
81
# python exceptions? A list of values with no names seems less useful
84
# TODO: Perhaps convert the exception to a string at the moment it's
85
# constructed to make sure it will succeed. But that says nothing about
86
# exceptions that are never raised.
88
# TODO: Convert all the other error classes here to BzrNewError, and eliminate
91
# TODO: The pattern (from hct) of using classes docstrings as message
92
# templates is cute but maybe not such a great idea - perhaps should have a
93
# separate static message_template.
25
96
class BzrError(StandardError):
28
class BzrCheckError(BzrError):
32
class BzrCommandError(BzrError):
101
# XXX: Should we show the exception class in
102
# exceptions that don't provide their own message?
103
# maybe it should be done at a higher level
104
## n = self.__class__.__name__ + ': '
106
if len(self.args) == 1:
107
return str(self.args[0])
108
elif len(self.args) == 2:
109
# further explanation or suggestions
111
return n + '\n '.join([self.args[0]] + self.args[1])
113
return n + "%r" % self
115
return n + `self.args`
118
class BzrNewError(BzrError):
120
# base classes should override the docstring with their human-
121
# readable explanation
123
def __init__(self, **kwds):
124
for key, value in kwds.items():
125
setattr(self, key, value)
129
return self.__doc__ % self.__dict__
130
except (NameError, ValueError, KeyError), e:
131
return 'Unprintable exception %s: %s' \
132
% (self.__class__.__name__, str(e))
135
class BzrCheckError(BzrNewError):
136
"""Internal check failed: %(message)s"""
138
is_user_error = False
140
def __init__(self, message):
141
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
142
self.message = message
145
class InvalidEntryName(BzrNewError):
146
"""Invalid entry name: %(name)s"""
148
is_user_error = False
150
def __init__(self, name):
151
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
155
class InvalidRevisionNumber(BzrNewError):
156
"""Invalid revision number %(revno)d"""
157
def __init__(self, revno):
158
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
162
class InvalidRevisionId(BzrNewError):
163
"""Invalid revision-id {%(revision_id)s} in %(branch)s"""
164
def __init__(self, revision_id, branch):
165
# branch can be any string or object with __str__ defined
166
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
167
self.revision_id = revision_id
171
class NoWorkingTree(BzrNewError):
172
"""No WorkingTree exists for %(base)s."""
174
def __init__(self, base):
175
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
179
class NotLocalUrl(BzrNewError):
180
"""%(url)s is not a local path."""
182
def __init__(self, url):
183
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
187
class BzrCommandError(BzrNewError):
188
"""Error from user command"""
33
190
# Error from malformed user command
37
def bailout(msg, explanation=[]):
38
ex = BzrError(msg, explanation)
40
trace._tracefile.write('* raising %s\n' % ex)
191
# This is being misused as a generic exception
192
# pleae subclass. RBC 20051030
194
# I think it's a waste of effort to differentiate between errors that
195
# are not intended to be caught anyway. UI code need not subclass
196
# BzrCommandError, and non-UI code should not throw a subclass of
197
# BzrCommandError. ADHB 20051211
198
def __init__(self, msg):
205
class StrictCommitFailed(BzrNewError):
206
"""Commit refused because there are unknowns in the tree."""
209
# XXX: Should be unified with TransportError; they seem to represent the
211
class PathError(BzrNewError):
212
"""Generic path error: %(path)r%(extra)s)"""
214
def __init__(self, path, extra=None):
215
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
218
self.extra = ': ' + str(extra)
223
class NoSuchFile(PathError):
224
"""No such file: %(path)s%(extra)s"""
227
class FileExists(PathError):
228
"""File exists: %(path)s%(extra)s"""
231
class DirectoryNotEmpty(PathError):
232
"""Directory not empty: %(path)s%(extra)s"""
235
class ResourceBusy(PathError):
236
"""Device or resource busy: %(path)s%(extra)s"""
239
class PermissionDenied(PathError):
240
"""Permission denied: %(path)s%(extra)s"""
243
class PathNotChild(BzrNewError):
244
"""Path %(path)s is not a child of path %(base)s%(extra)s"""
246
is_user_error = False
248
def __init__(self, path, base, extra=None):
249
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
253
self.extra = ': ' + str(extra)
258
class NotBranchError(PathError):
259
"""Not a branch: %(path)s"""
262
class AlreadyBranchError(PathError):
263
"""Already a branch: %(path)s."""
266
class BranchExistsWithoutWorkingTree(PathError):
267
"""Directory contains a branch, but no working tree \
268
(use bzr checkout if you wish to build a working tree): %(path)s"""
271
class NoRepositoryPresent(BzrNewError):
272
"""No repository present: %(path)s"""
273
def __init__(self, bzrdir):
274
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
275
self.path = bzrdir.transport.clone('..').base
278
class FileInWrongBranch(BzrNewError):
279
"""File %(path)s in not in branch %(branch_base)s."""
281
def __init__(self, branch, path):
282
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
284
self.branch_base = branch.base
288
class UnsupportedFormatError(BzrNewError):
289
"""Unsupported branch format: %(format)s"""
292
class UnknownFormatError(BzrNewError):
293
"""Unknown branch format: %(format)s"""
296
class IncompatibleFormat(BzrNewError):
297
"""Format %(format)s is not compatible with .bzr version %(bzrdir)s."""
299
def __init__(self, format, bzrdir_format):
300
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
302
self.bzrdir = bzrdir_format
305
class NotVersionedError(BzrNewError):
306
"""%(path)s is not versioned"""
307
def __init__(self, path):
308
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
312
class PathsNotVersionedError(BzrNewError):
313
# used when reporting several paths are not versioned
314
"""Path(s) are not versioned: %(paths_as_string)s"""
316
def __init__(self, paths):
317
from bzrlib.osutils import quotefn
318
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
320
self.paths_as_string = ' '.join([quotefn(p) for p in paths])
323
class PathsDoNotExist(BzrNewError):
324
"""Path(s) do not exist: %(paths_as_string)s"""
326
# used when reporting that paths are neither versioned nor in the working
329
def __init__(self, paths):
331
from bzrlib.osutils import quotefn
332
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
334
self.paths_as_string = ' '.join([quotefn(p) for p in paths])
337
class BadFileKindError(BzrError):
338
"""Specified file is of a kind that cannot be added.
340
(For example a symlink or device file.)"""
343
class ForbiddenFileError(BzrError):
344
"""Cannot operate on a file because it is a control file."""
347
class LockError(BzrNewError):
348
"""Lock error: %(message)s"""
349
# All exceptions from the lock/unlock functions should be from
350
# this exception class. They will be translated as necessary. The
351
# original exception is available as e.original_error
353
# New code should prefer to raise specific subclasses
354
def __init__(self, message):
355
self.message = message
358
class CommitNotPossible(LockError):
359
"""A commit was attempted but we do not have a write lock open."""
364
class AlreadyCommitted(LockError):
365
"""A rollback was requested, but is not able to be accomplished."""
370
class ReadOnlyError(LockError):
371
"""A write attempt was made in a read only transaction on %(obj)s"""
372
def __init__(self, obj):
376
class OutSideTransaction(BzrNewError):
377
"""A transaction related operation was attempted after the transaction finished."""
380
class ObjectNotLocked(LockError):
381
"""%(obj)s is not locked"""
382
is_user_error = False
383
# this can indicate that any particular object is not locked; see also
384
# LockNotHeld which means that a particular *lock* object is not held by
385
# the caller -- perhaps they should be unified.
386
def __init__(self, obj):
390
class ReadOnlyObjectDirtiedError(ReadOnlyError):
391
"""Cannot change object %(obj)s in read only transaction"""
392
def __init__(self, obj):
396
class UnlockableTransport(LockError):
397
"""Cannot lock: transport is read only: %(transport)s"""
398
def __init__(self, transport):
399
self.transport = transport
402
class LockContention(LockError):
403
"""Could not acquire lock %(lock)s"""
404
# TODO: show full url for lock, combining the transport and relative bits?
405
def __init__(self, lock):
409
class LockBroken(LockError):
410
"""Lock was broken while still open: %(lock)s - check storage consistency!"""
411
def __init__(self, lock):
415
class LockBreakMismatch(LockError):
416
"""Lock was released and re-acquired before being broken: %(lock)s: held by %(holder)s, wanted to break %(target)r"""
417
def __init__(self, lock, holder, target):
423
class LockNotHeld(LockError):
424
"""Lock not held: %(lock)s"""
425
def __init__(self, lock):
429
class PointlessCommit(BzrNewError):
430
"""No changes to commit"""
433
class UpgradeReadonly(BzrNewError):
434
"""Upgrade URL cannot work with readonly URL's."""
437
class UpToDateFormat(BzrNewError):
438
"""The branch format %(format)s is already at the most recent format."""
440
def __init__(self, format):
441
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
446
class StrictCommitFailed(Exception):
447
"""Commit refused because there are unknowns in the tree."""
450
class NoSuchRevision(BzrNewError):
451
"""Branch %(branch)s has no revision %(revision)s"""
453
is_user_error = False
455
def __init__(self, branch, revision):
457
self.revision = revision
460
class DivergedBranches(BzrNewError):
461
"These branches have diverged. Use the merge command to reconcile them."""
465
def __init__(self, branch1, branch2):
466
self.branch1 = branch1
467
self.branch2 = branch2
470
class UnrelatedBranches(BzrNewError):
471
"Branches have no common ancestor, and no merge base revision was specified."
476
class NoCommonAncestor(BzrNewError):
477
"Revisions have no common ancestor: %(revision_a)s %(revision_b)s"
479
def __init__(self, revision_a, revision_b):
480
self.revision_a = revision_a
481
self.revision_b = revision_b
484
class NoCommonRoot(BzrError):
485
def __init__(self, revision_a, revision_b):
486
msg = "Revisions are not derived from the same root: %s %s." \
487
% (revision_a, revision_b)
488
BzrError.__init__(self, msg)
492
class NotAncestor(BzrError):
493
def __init__(self, rev_id, not_ancestor_id):
494
msg = "Revision %s is not an ancestor of %s" % (not_ancestor_id,
496
BzrError.__init__(self, msg)
498
self.not_ancestor_id = not_ancestor_id
501
class InstallFailed(BzrError):
502
def __init__(self, revisions):
503
msg = "Could not install revisions:\n%s" % " ,".join(revisions)
504
BzrError.__init__(self, msg)
505
self.revisions = revisions
508
class AmbiguousBase(BzrError):
509
def __init__(self, bases):
510
warn("BzrError AmbiguousBase has been deprecated as of bzrlib 0.8.",
512
msg = "The correct base is unclear, becase %s are all equally close" %\
514
BzrError.__init__(self, msg)
518
class NoCommits(BzrError):
519
def __init__(self, branch):
520
msg = "Branch %s has no commits." % branch
521
BzrError.__init__(self, msg)
524
class UnlistableStore(BzrError):
525
def __init__(self, store):
526
BzrError.__init__(self, "Store %s is not listable" % store)
530
class UnlistableBranch(BzrError):
531
def __init__(self, br):
532
BzrError.__init__(self, "Stores for branch %s are not listable" % br)
535
class BoundBranchOutOfDate(BzrNewError):
536
"""Bound branch %(branch)s is out of date with master branch %(master)s."""
537
def __init__(self, branch, master):
538
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
543
class CommitToDoubleBoundBranch(BzrNewError):
544
"""Cannot commit to branch %(branch)s. It is bound to %(master)s, which is bound to %(remote)s."""
545
def __init__(self, branch, master, remote):
546
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
552
class OverwriteBoundBranch(BzrNewError):
553
"""Cannot pull --overwrite to a branch which is bound %(branch)s"""
554
def __init__(self, branch):
555
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
559
class BoundBranchConnectionFailure(BzrNewError):
560
"""Unable to connect to target of bound branch %(branch)s => %(target)s: %(error)s"""
561
def __init__(self, branch, target, error):
562
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
568
class WeaveError(BzrNewError):
569
"""Error in processing weave: %(message)s"""
571
def __init__(self, message=None):
572
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
573
self.message = message
576
class WeaveRevisionAlreadyPresent(WeaveError):
577
"""Revision {%(revision_id)s} already present in %(weave)s"""
578
def __init__(self, revision_id, weave):
580
WeaveError.__init__(self)
581
self.revision_id = revision_id
585
class WeaveRevisionNotPresent(WeaveError):
586
"""Revision {%(revision_id)s} not present in %(weave)s"""
588
def __init__(self, revision_id, weave):
589
WeaveError.__init__(self)
590
self.revision_id = revision_id
594
class WeaveFormatError(WeaveError):
595
"""Weave invariant violated: %(what)s"""
597
def __init__(self, what):
598
WeaveError.__init__(self)
602
class WeaveParentMismatch(WeaveError):
603
"""Parents are mismatched between two revisions."""
606
class WeaveInvalidChecksum(WeaveError):
607
"""Text did not match it's checksum: %(message)s"""
610
class WeaveTextDiffers(WeaveError):
611
"""Weaves differ on text content. Revision: {%(revision_id)s}, %(weave_a)s, %(weave_b)s"""
613
def __init__(self, revision_id, weave_a, weave_b):
614
WeaveError.__init__(self)
615
self.revision_id = revision_id
616
self.weave_a = weave_a
617
self.weave_b = weave_b
620
class WeaveTextDiffers(WeaveError):
621
"""Weaves differ on text content. Revision: {%(revision_id)s}, %(weave_a)s, %(weave_b)s"""
623
def __init__(self, revision_id, weave_a, weave_b):
624
WeaveError.__init__(self)
625
self.revision_id = revision_id
626
self.weave_a = weave_a
627
self.weave_b = weave_b
630
class VersionedFileError(BzrNewError):
631
"""Versioned file error."""
634
class RevisionNotPresent(VersionedFileError):
635
"""Revision {%(revision_id)s} not present in %(file_id)s."""
637
def __init__(self, revision_id, file_id):
638
VersionedFileError.__init__(self)
639
self.revision_id = revision_id
640
self.file_id = file_id
643
class RevisionAlreadyPresent(VersionedFileError):
644
"""Revision {%(revision_id)s} already present in %(file_id)s."""
646
def __init__(self, revision_id, file_id):
647
VersionedFileError.__init__(self)
648
self.revision_id = revision_id
649
self.file_id = file_id
652
class KnitError(BzrNewError):
656
class KnitHeaderError(KnitError):
657
"""Knit header error: %(badline)r unexpected"""
659
def __init__(self, badline):
660
KnitError.__init__(self)
661
self.badline = badline
664
class KnitCorrupt(KnitError):
665
"""Knit %(filename)s corrupt: %(how)s"""
667
def __init__(self, filename, how):
668
KnitError.__init__(self)
669
self.filename = filename
673
class NoSuchExportFormat(BzrNewError):
674
"""Export format %(format)r not supported"""
675
def __init__(self, format):
676
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
680
class TransportError(BzrError):
681
"""All errors thrown by Transport implementations should derive
684
def __init__(self, msg=None, orig_error=None):
685
if msg is None and orig_error is not None:
686
msg = str(orig_error)
687
BzrError.__init__(self, msg)
689
self.orig_error = orig_error
692
# A set of semi-meaningful errors which can be thrown
693
class TransportNotPossible(TransportError):
694
"""This is for transports where a specific function is explicitly not
695
possible. Such as pushing files to an HTTP server.
700
class ConnectionError(TransportError):
701
"""A connection problem prevents file retrieval.
702
This does not indicate whether the file exists or not; it indicates that a
703
precondition for requesting the file was not met.
705
def __init__(self, msg=None, orig_error=None):
706
TransportError.__init__(self, msg=msg, orig_error=orig_error)
709
class ConnectionReset(TransportError):
710
"""The connection has been closed."""
714
class ConflictsInTree(BzrError):
716
BzrError.__init__(self, "Working tree has conflicts.")
719
class ParseConfigError(BzrError):
720
def __init__(self, errors, filename):
723
message = "Error(s) parsing config file %s:\n%s" % \
724
(filename, ('\n'.join(e.message for e in errors)))
725
BzrError.__init__(self, message)
728
class SigningFailed(BzrError):
729
def __init__(self, command_line):
730
BzrError.__init__(self, "Failed to gpg sign data with command '%s'"
734
class WorkingTreeNotRevision(BzrError):
735
def __init__(self, tree):
736
BzrError.__init__(self, "The working tree for %s has changed since"
737
" last commit, but weave merge requires that it be"
738
" unchanged." % tree.basedir)
741
class CantReprocessAndShowBase(BzrNewError):
742
"""Can't reprocess and show base.
743
Reprocessing obscures relationship of conflicting lines to base."""
746
class GraphCycleError(BzrNewError):
747
"""Cycle in graph %(graph)r"""
748
def __init__(self, graph):
749
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
753
class NotConflicted(BzrNewError):
754
"""File %(filename)s is not conflicted."""
756
def __init__(self, filename):
757
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
758
self.filename = filename
761
class MustUseDecorated(Exception):
762
"""A decorating function has requested its original command be used.
764
This should never escape bzr, so does not need to be printable.
768
class NoBundleFound(BzrNewError):
769
"""No bundle was found in %(filename)s"""
770
def __init__(self, filename):
771
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
772
self.filename = filename
775
class BundleNotSupported(BzrNewError):
776
"""Unable to handle bundle version %(version)s: %(msg)s"""
777
def __init__(self, version, msg):
778
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
779
self.version = version
783
class MissingText(BzrNewError):
784
"""Branch %(base)s is missing revision %(text_revision)s of %(file_id)s"""
786
def __init__(self, branch, text_revision, file_id):
787
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
789
self.base = branch.base
790
self.text_revision = text_revision
791
self.file_id = file_id
794
class DuplicateKey(BzrNewError):
795
"""Key %(key)s is already present in map"""
798
class MalformedTransform(BzrNewError):
799
"""Tree transform is malformed %(conflicts)r"""
802
class BzrBadParameter(BzrNewError):
803
"""A bad parameter : %(param)s is not usable.
805
This exception should never be thrown, but it is a base class for all
806
parameter-to-function errors.
808
def __init__(self, param):
809
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
813
class BzrBadParameterNotUnicode(BzrBadParameter):
814
"""Parameter %(param)s is neither unicode nor utf8."""
817
class ReusingTransform(BzrNewError):
818
"""Attempt to reuse a transform that has already been applied."""
821
class CantMoveRoot(BzrNewError):
822
"""Moving the root directory is not supported at this time"""
825
class BzrBadParameterNotString(BzrBadParameter):
826
"""Parameter %(param)s is not a string or unicode string."""
829
class BzrBadParameterMissing(BzrBadParameter):
830
"""Parameter $(param)s is required but not present."""
833
class BzrBadParameterUnicode(BzrBadParameter):
834
"""Parameter %(param)s is unicode but only byte-strings are permitted."""
837
class BzrBadParameterContainsNewline(BzrBadParameter):
838
"""Parameter %(param)s contains a newline."""
841
class DependencyNotPresent(BzrNewError):
842
"""Unable to import library "%(library)s": %(error)s"""
844
def __init__(self, library, error):
845
BzrNewError.__init__(self, library=library, error=error)
848
class ParamikoNotPresent(DependencyNotPresent):
849
"""Unable to import paramiko (required for sftp support): %(error)s"""
851
def __init__(self, error):
852
DependencyNotPresent.__init__(self, 'paramiko', error)
855
class UninitializableFormat(BzrNewError):
856
"""Format %(format)s cannot be initialised by this version of bzr."""
858
def __init__(self, format):
859
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
863
class NoDiff3(BzrNewError):
864
"""Diff3 is not installed on this machine."""
867
class ExistingLimbo(BzrNewError):
868
"""This tree contains left-over files from a failed operation.
869
Please examine %(limbo_dir)s to see if it contains any files you wish to
870
keep, and delete it when you are done.
872
def __init__(self, limbo_dir):
873
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
874
self.limbo_dir = limbo_dir
877
class ImmortalLimbo(BzrNewError):
878
"""Unable to delete transform temporary directory $(limbo_dir)s.
879
Please examine %(limbo_dir)s to see if it contains any files you wish to
880
keep, and delete it when you are done.
882
def __init__(self, limbo_dir):
883
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
884
self.limbo_dir = limbo_dir
887
class OutOfDateTree(BzrNewError):
888
"""Working tree is out of date, please run 'bzr update'."""
890
def __init__(self, tree):
891
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
895
class MergeModifiedFormatError(BzrNewError):
896
"""Error in merge modified format"""
899
class ConflictFormatError(BzrNewError):
900
"""Format error in conflict listings"""
903
class CorruptRepository(BzrNewError):
904
"""An error has been detected in the repository %(repo_path)s.
905
Please run bzr reconcile on this repository."""
907
def __init__(self, repo):
908
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
909
self.repo_path = repo.bzrdir.root_transport.base
912
class UpgradeRequired(BzrNewError):
913
"""To use this feature you must upgrade your branch at %(path)s."""
915
def __init__(self, path):
916
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
920
class LocalRequiresBoundBranch(BzrNewError):
921
"""Cannot perform local-only commits on unbound branches."""
924
class MissingProgressBarFinish(BzrNewError):
925
"""A nested progress bar was not 'finished' correctly."""
928
class UnsupportedOperation(BzrNewError):
929
"""The method %(mname)s is not supported on objects of type %(tname)s."""
930
def __init__(self, method, method_self):
932
self.mname = method.__name__
933
self.tname = type(method_self).__name__
936
class BinaryFile(BzrNewError):
937
"""File is binary but should be text."""
940
class IllegalPath(BzrNewError):
941
"""The path %(path)s is not permitted on this platform"""
943
def __init__(self, path):
944
BzrNewError.__init__(self)
948
class TestamentMismatch(BzrNewError):
949
"""Testament did not match expected value.
950
For revision_id {%(revision_id)s}, expected {%(expected)s}, measured
953
def __init__(self, revision_id, expected, measured):
954
self.revision_id = revision_id
955
self.expected = expected
956
self.measured = measured
959
class BadBundle(Exception): pass
962
class MalformedHeader(BadBundle): pass
965
class MalformedPatches(BadBundle): pass
968
class MalformedFooter(BadBundle): pass