7
If you are working on a project, and you have read access to whose
8
public repository but do not have write access to it, using stacked
9
branches to backup/publish your work onto the same host of the public
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repository might be an option for you.
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Other scenarios for stacked branch usage include experimental branches
13
and code hosting sites. For these scenarios, stacked branches are
14
ideal because of the benefits it provides.
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What is a stacked branch?
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-------------------------
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A stacked branch is a branch that knows how to find revisions in
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another branch (the stacked-on branch). Stacked branches store just
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the unique revisions that are not in the stacked-on branch, making
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them faster to create and more storage efficient. In these respects,
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stacked branches are similar to shared repositories. However, stacked
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branches have additional benefits:
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* The new branch can be in a completely different location to the
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branch being stacked on.
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* Deleting the stacked branch really deletes the revisions (rather
31
than leaving them in a shared repository).
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* Security is improved over shared repositories, because the stacked-on
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repository can be physically readonly to developers committing to stacked
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Creating a stacked branch
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-------------------------
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To create a stacked branch, use the ``stacked`` option of the branch command.
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bzr branch --stacked source-url my-dir
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This will create ``my-dir`` as a stacked branch with no local revisions.
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If it is defined, the public branch associated with ``source-url`` will be
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used as the *stacked-on* location. Otherwise, ``source-url`` will be the
49
*stacked-on* location.
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Creating a stacked checkout
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---------------------------
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Direct creation of a stacked checkout is expected to be supported soon.
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In the meantime, a two step process is required:
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1. Create a stacked branch as shown above.
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2. Convert the branch into a checkout using either the ``reconfigure``
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Pushing a stacked branch
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------------------------
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Most changes on most projects build on an existing branch such as the
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*development trunk* or *current stable* branch. Creating a new
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branch stacked on one of these is easy to do using the ``push``
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bzr push --stacked-on reference-url my-url
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This creates a new branch at ``my-url`` that is stacked on ``reference-url``
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and only contains the revisions in the current branch that are not already
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in the branch at ``reference-url``. In particular, ``my-url`` and
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``reference-url`` can be on the same host, and the ``--stacked-on`` option
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can be used additionally to inform ``push`` to reference the
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revisions in ``reference-url``. For example::
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bzr push --stacked-on bzr+ssh://host/project bzr+ssh://host/user/stacked-branch
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This usage fits the scenario described in the Motivation section.
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You can also use the ``--stacked`` option without specifying ``--stacked-on``.
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This will automatically set the *stacked-on* location to the parent branch of
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the branch you are pushing (or its ``public_location`` if configured). For
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bzr branch source-url my-dir
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bzr commit -m "fix bug"
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You can combine ``bzr branch --stacked`` and ``bzr push --stacked`` to work on a
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branch without downloading or uploading the whole history::
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bzr branch --stacked source-url my-dir
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bzr commit -m "fix bug"
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Limitations of stacked branches
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-------------------------------
109
The important thing to remember about a stacked branch is that the stacked-on
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branch needs to be accessible for almost all operations. This is not an issue
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when both branches are local, or when both branches are on the same server and
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the stacked-on location is a relative path. But clearly a branch hosted on a
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server with a stacked-on location of ``file:///...`` is not going to work for
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anyone except the user that originally pushed it. It's a good idea to configure
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``public_location`` to help prevent that.
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Similarly, because most of the history is stored in the stacked-on repository,
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operations like ``bzr log`` can be slower when the stacked-on repository is
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accessed via a network.
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If a stacked branch is in a format older than 2a, you cannot commit to it due to
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.. _bug 375013: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bzr/+bug/375013
127
Changing branch stacking
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------------------------
130
Stacking of existing branches can be changed using the ``bzr reconfigure``
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command to either stack on an existing branch, or to turn off stacking.
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Be aware that when ``bzr reconfigure --unstacked`` is used, bzr will
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copy all the referenced data from the stacked-on repository into the
134
previously stacked repository. For large repositories this may take
135
considerable time and may substantially increase the size of the