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# (C) 2005 Canonical Ltd
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# based on an idea by Matt Mackall
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# modified to squish into bzr by Martin Pool
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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"""Packed file revision storage.
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A Revfile holds the text history of a particular source file, such
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as Makefile. It can represent a tree of text versions for that
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file, allowing for microbranches within a single repository.
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This is stored on disk as two files: an index file, and a data file.
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The index file is short and always read completely into memory; the
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data file is much longer and only the relevant bits of it,
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identified by the index file, need to be read.
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Each text version is identified by the SHA-1 of the full text of
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that version. It also has a sequence number within the file.
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The index file has a short header and then a sequence of fixed-length
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* byte[20] SHA-1 of text (as binary, not hex)
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* uint32 sequence number this is based on, or -1 for full text
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* uint32 flags: 1=zlib compressed
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* uint32 offset in text file of start
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* uint32 length of compressed delta in text file
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The header is also 48 bytes for tidyness and easy calculation.
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Both the index and the text are only ever appended to; a consequence
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is that sequence numbers are stable references. But not every
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repository in the world will assign the same sequence numbers,
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therefore the SHA-1 is the only universally unique reference.
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This is meant to scale to hold 100,000 revisions of a single file, by
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which time the index file will be ~4.8MB and a bit big to read
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Some of the reserved fields could be used to implement a (semi?)
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balanced tree indexed by SHA1 so we can much more efficiently find the
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index associated with a particular hash. For 100,000 revs we would be
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able to find it in about 17 random reads, which is not too bad.
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This performs pretty well except when trying to calculate deltas of
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really large files. For that the main thing would be to plug in
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something faster than difflib, which is after all pure Python.
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Another approach is to just store the gzipped full text of big files,
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though perhaps that's too perverse?
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The iter method here will generally read through the whole index file
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in one go. With readahead in the kernel and python/libc (typically
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128kB) this means that there should be no seeks and often only one
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read() call to get everything into memory.
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# TODO: Something like pread() would make this slightly simpler and
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# perhaps more efficient.
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# TODO: Could also try to mmap things... Might be faster for the
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# index in particular?
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# TODO: Some kind of faster lookup of SHAs? The bad thing is that probably means
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# rewriting existing records, which is not so nice.
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# TODO: Something to check that regions identified in the index file
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# completely butt up and do not overlap. Strictly it's not a problem
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# if there are gaps and that can happen if we're interrupted while
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# writing to the datafile. Overlapping would be very bad though.
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# TODO: Shouldn't need to lock if we always write in append mode and
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# then ftell after writing to see where it went. In any case we
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# assume the whole branch is protected by a lock.
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import sys, zlib, struct, mdiff, stat, os, sha
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from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify
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_HEADER = "bzr revfile v1\n"
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_HEADER = _HEADER + ('\xff' * (_RECORDSIZE - len(_HEADER)))
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_NO_RECORD = 0xFFFFFFFFL
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# fields in the index record
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# maximum number of patches in a row before recording a whole text.
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class RevfileError(Exception):
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class LimitHitException(Exception):
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class Revfile(object):
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def __init__(self, basename, mode):
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# TODO: Lock file while open
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# TODO: advise of random access
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self.basename = basename
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if mode not in ['r', 'w']:
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raise RevfileError("invalid open mode %r" % mode)
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idxname = basename + '.irev'
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dataname = basename + '.drev'
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idx_exists = os.path.exists(idxname)
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data_exists = os.path.exists(dataname)
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if idx_exists != data_exists:
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raise RevfileError("half-assed revfile")
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raise RevfileError("Revfile %r does not exist" % basename)
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self.idxfile = open(idxname, 'w+b')
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self.datafile = open(dataname, 'w+b')
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print 'init empty file'
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self.idxfile.write(_HEADER)
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self.idxfile = open(idxname, diskmode)
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self.datafile = open(dataname, diskmode)
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h = self.idxfile.read(_RECORDSIZE)
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raise RevfileError("bad header %r in index of %r"
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% (h, self.basename))
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def _check_index(self, idx):
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if idx < 0 or idx > len(self):
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raise RevfileError("invalid index %r" % idx)
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def _check_write(self):
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raise RevfileError("%r is open readonly" % self.basename)
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def find_sha(self, s):
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assert isinstance(s, str)
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for idx, idxrec in enumerate(self):
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if idxrec[I_SHA] == s:
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def _add_compressed(self, text_sha, data, base, compress):
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# well, maybe compress
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# don't do compression if it's too small; it's unlikely to win
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# enough to be worthwhile
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compr_data = zlib.compress(data)
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compr_len = len(compr_data)
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if compr_len < data_len:
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##print '- compressed %d -> %d, %.1f%%' \
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## % (data_len, compr_len, float(compr_len)/float(data_len) * 100.0)
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return self._add_raw(text_sha, data, base, flags)
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def _add_raw(self, text_sha, data, base, flags):
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"""Add pre-processed data, can be either full text or delta.
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This does the compression if that makes sense."""
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self.datafile.seek(0, 2) # to end
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self.idxfile.seek(0, 2)
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assert self.idxfile.tell() == _RECORDSIZE * (idx + 1)
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data_offset = self.datafile.tell()
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assert isinstance(data, str) # not unicode or anything weird
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self.datafile.write(data)
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self.datafile.flush()
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assert isinstance(text_sha, str)
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entry += struct.pack(">IIII12x", base, flags, data_offset, len(data))
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assert len(entry) == _RECORDSIZE
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self.idxfile.write(entry)
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def _add_full_text(self, text, text_sha, compress):
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"""Add a full text to the file.
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This is not compressed against any reference version.
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Returns the index for that text."""
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return self._add_compressed(text_sha, text, _NO_RECORD, compress)
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def _choose_base(self, seed, base):
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if base == _NO_RECORD:
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if idxrec[I_BASE] == _NO_RECORD:
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base = idxrec[I_BASE]
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return base # relative to this full text
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def _add_delta(self, text, text_sha, base, compress):
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"""Add a text stored relative to a previous text."""
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self._check_index(base)
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base_text = self.get(base, CHAIN_LIMIT)
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except LimitHitException:
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return self._add_full_text(text, text_sha, compress)
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data = mdiff.bdiff(base_text, text)
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# If the delta is larger than the text, we might as well just
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# store the text. (OK, the delta might be more compressible,
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# but the overhead of applying it probably still makes it
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# bad, and I don't want to compress both of them to find out.)
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if len(data) >= len(text):
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return self._add_full_text(text, text_sha, compress)
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return self._add_compressed(text_sha, data, base, compress)
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def add(self, text, base=None, compress=True):
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"""Add a new text to the revfile.
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If the text is already present them its existing id is
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returned and the file is not changed.
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If compress is true then gzip compression will be used if it
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If a base index is specified, that text *may* be used for
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delta compression of the new text. Delta compression will
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only be used if it would be a size win and if the existing
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base is not at too long of a delta chain already.
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text_sha = sha.new(text).digest()
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idx = self.find_sha(text_sha)
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if idx != _NO_RECORD:
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# TODO: Optional paranoid mode where we read out that record and make sure
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# it's the same, in case someone ever breaks SHA-1.
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return idx # already present
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# base = self._choose_base(ord(text_sha[0]), base)
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if base == _NO_RECORD:
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return self._add_full_text(text, text_sha, compress)
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return self._add_delta(text, text_sha, base, compress)
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def get(self, idx, recursion_limit=None):
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"""Retrieve text of a previous revision.
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If recursion_limit is an integer then walk back at most that
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many revisions and then raise LimitHitException, indicating
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that we ought to record a new file text instead of another
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delta. Don't use this when trying to get out an existing
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base = idxrec[I_BASE]
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if base == _NO_RECORD:
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text = self._get_full_text(idx, idxrec)
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text = self._get_patched(idx, idxrec, recursion_limit)
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if sha.new(text).digest() != idxrec[I_SHA]:
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raise RevfileError("corrupt SHA-1 digest on record %d"
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def _get_raw(self, idx, idxrec):
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flags = idxrec[I_FLAGS]
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raise RevfileError("unsupported index flags %#x on index %d"
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self.datafile.seek(idxrec[I_OFFSET])
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data = self.datafile.read(l)
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raise RevfileError("short read %d of %d "
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"getting text for record %d in %r"
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% (len(data), l, idx, self.basename))
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data = zlib.decompress(data)
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def _get_full_text(self, idx, idxrec):
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assert idxrec[I_BASE] == _NO_RECORD
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text = self._get_raw(idx, idxrec)
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def _get_patched(self, idx, idxrec, recursion_limit):
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base = idxrec[I_BASE]
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assert base < idx # no loops!
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if recursion_limit == None:
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sub_limit = recursion_limit - 1
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raise LimitHitException()
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base_text = self.get(base, sub_limit)
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patch = self._get_raw(idx, idxrec)
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text = mdiff.bpatch(base_text, patch)
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"""Return number of revisions."""
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l = os.fstat(self.idxfile.fileno())[stat.ST_SIZE]
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raise RevfileError("bad length %d on index of %r" % (l, self.basename))
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raise RevfileError("no header present in index of %r" % (self.basename))
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return int(l / _RECORDSIZE) - 1
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def __getitem__(self, idx):
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"""Index by sequence id returns the index field"""
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## TODO: Can avoid seek if we just moved there...
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self._seek_index(idx)
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idxrec = self._read_next_index()
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raise IndexError("no index %d" % idx)
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def _seek_index(self, idx):
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raise RevfileError("invalid index %r" % idx)
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self.idxfile.seek((idx + 1) * _RECORDSIZE)
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"""Read back all index records.
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Do not seek the index file while this is underway!"""
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## sys.stderr.write(" ** iter called ** \n")
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idxrec = self._read_next_index()
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def _read_next_index(self):
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rec = self.idxfile.read(_RECORDSIZE)
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elif len(rec) != _RECORDSIZE:
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raise RevfileError("short read of %d bytes getting index %d from %r"
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% (len(rec), idx, self.basename))
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return struct.unpack(">20sIIII12x", rec)
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def dump(self, f=sys.stdout):
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f.write('%-8s %-40s %-8s %-8s %-8s %-8s\n'
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% tuple('idx sha1 base flags offset len'.split()))
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f.write('-------- ---------------------------------------- ')
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f.write('-------- -------- -------- --------\n')
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for i, rec in enumerate(self):
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f.write("#%-7d %40s " % (i, hexlify(rec[0])))
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if rec[1] == _NO_RECORD:
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f.write("#%-7d " % rec[1])
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f.write("%8x %8d %8d\n" % (rec[2], rec[3], rec[4]))
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def total_text_size(self):
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"""Return the sum of sizes of all file texts.
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This is how much space they would occupy if they were stored without
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delta and gzip compression.
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As a side effect this completely validates the Revfile, checking that all
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texts can be reproduced with the correct SHA-1."""
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for idx in range(len(self)):
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t += len(self.get(idx))
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sys.stderr.write("usage: revfile dump REVFILE\n"
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" revfile add REVFILE < INPUT\n"
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" revfile add-delta REVFILE BASE < INPUT\n"
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" revfile add-series REVFILE BASE FILE...\n"
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" revfile get REVFILE IDX\n"
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" revfile find-sha REVFILE HEX\n"
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" revfile total-text-size REVFILE\n"
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" revfile last REVFILE\n")
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return Revfile(filename, 'w')
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return Revfile(filename, 'r')
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print rw().add(sys.stdin.read())
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elif cmd == 'add-delta':
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print rw().add(sys.stdin.read(), int(argv[3]))
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elif cmd == 'add-series':
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rev = r.add(file(fn).read(), rev)
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sys.stderr.write("usage: revfile get FILE IDX\n")
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if idx < 0 or idx >= len(r):
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sys.stderr.write("invalid index %r\n" % idx)
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sys.stdout.write(r.get(idx))
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elif cmd == 'find-sha':
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s = unhexlify(argv[3])
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sys.stderr.write("usage: revfile find-sha FILE HEX\n")
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idx = ro().find_sha(s)
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if idx == _NO_RECORD:
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sys.stderr.write("no such record\n")
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elif cmd == 'total-text-size':
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print ro().total_text_size()
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sys.stderr.write("unknown command %r\n" % cmd)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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sys.exit(main(sys.argv) or 0)
added
removed
bzrlib/revfile.py
