Configuring authentication ========================== Intent ------ Many different authentication policies can be described in the ``$HOME/.bazaar/authentication.conf`` file but a particular user should need only a few definitions to cover his needs without having to specify a user and a password for every branch he uses. The definitions found in this file are used to find the credentials to use for a given url. The same credentials can generally be used for as many branches as possible by grouping their declaration around the remote servers that need them. It's even possible to declare credentials that will be used by different servers. The intent is to make this file as small as possible to minimize maintenance. Once the relevant credentials are declared in this file you may use branch urls without embedding passwords (security hazard) or even users (enabling sharing of your urls with others). Instead of using:: bzr branch ftp://joe:secret@host.com/path/to/my/branch you simply use:: bzr branch ftp://host.com/path/to/my/branch provided you have created the following ``authentication.conf`` file:: [myprojects] scheme=ftp host=host.com user=joe password=secret Authentication definitions -------------------------- There are two kinds of authentication used by the various schemes supported by bzr: 1. user and password ``FTP`` and ``SFTP`` needs a (``user``, ``password``) to authenticate against a ``host`` (SFTP can use ssh keys too, but we don't talk about that here as ssh agents provide a better solution). 2. user, realm and password ``HTTP`` and ``HTTPS`` needs a (``user, realm, password``) to authenticate against a host. But, by using ``.htaccess`` files, for example, it is possible to define several (``user, realm, password``) for a given ``host``. So what is really needed is (``user``, ``password``, ``host``, ``path``). The ``realm`` is not taken into account in the defitions, but will displayed if bzr prompts you for a password. ``HTTP proxy`` can be handled as ``HTTP`` (or ``HTTPS``) by explicitely specifying the appropriate port. To take all schemes into account, the password will be deduced from a set of authentication definitions (``scheme``, ``host``, ``port``, ``path``, ``user``, ``password``). * ``scheme``: can be empty (meaning the rest of the definition can be used for any scheme), ``SFTP`` and ``bzr+ssh`` should not be used here, ``ssh`` should be used instead since this is the real scheme regarding authentication, * ``host``: can be empty (to act as a default for any host), * ``port`` can be empty (useful when an host provides several servers for the same scheme), only numerical values are allowed, this should be used only when the server uses a port different than the scheme standard port, * ``path``: can be empty (FTP or SFTP will never user it), * ``user``: can be empty (``bzr`` will defaults to python's ``getpass.get_user()``), * ``password``: can be empty if you prefer to always be prompted for your password. Multiple definitions can be provided and, for a given URL, bzr will select a (``user`` [, ``password``]) based on the following rules : 1. the first match wins, 2. empty fields match everything, 3. ``scheme`` matches even if decorators are used in the requested URL, 4. ``host`` matches exactly or act as a domain if it starts with '.' (``project.bzr.sf.net`` will match ``.bzr.sf.net`` but ``projectbzr.sf.net`` will not match ``bzr.sf.net``). 5. ``port`` matches if included in the requested URL (exact matches only) 6. ``path`` matches if included in the requested URL (and by rule #2 above, empty paths will match any provided path). File format ----------- The general rules for `configuration files`_ apply except for the variable policies. .. _configuration files: configuration.html Each section describes an authentication definition. The section name is an arbitrary string, only the ``DEFAULT`` value is reserved and should appear as the *last* section. Each section should define: * ``user``: the login to be used, Each section could define: * ``host``: the remote server, * ``port``: the port the server is listening, * ``path``: the branch location, * ``password``: the password. Examples -------- Personal projects hosted outside ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All connections are done with the same ``user`` (the remote one for which the default bzr one is not appropriate) and the password is always prompted with some exceptions:: # Pet projects on hobby.net [hobby] host=r.hobby.net user=jim password=obvious1234 # Home server [home] scheme=https host=home.net user=joe password=1essobV10us [DEFAULT] # Our local user is barbaz, on all remote sites we're known as foobar user=foobar Source hosting provider ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In the shp.net (fictious) domain, each project has its own site:: [shpnet domain] # we use sftp, but ssh is the scheme used for authentication scheme=ssh # The leading '.' ensures that 'shp.net' alone doesn't match host=.shp.net user=joe password=precious HTTPS, SFTP servers and their proxy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ At company.com, the server hosting released and integration code is behind a proxy, the two servers use different authentication policies:: [reference code] scheme=https host=dev.company.com path=/dev user=user1 password=pass1 # development branches on dev server [dev] scheme=ssh # bzr+ssh and sftp are available here host=dev.company.com path=/dev/integration user=user2 password=pass2 # proxy [proxy] scheme=http host=proxy.company.com port=3128 user=proxyuser1 password=proxypass1 Planned enhancements -------------------- The following are not yet implemented but planned as parts of a work in progress: * add a ``password_encoding`` field allowing: - storing the passwords in various obfuscating encodings (base64 for one), - delegate password storage to plugins (.netrc for example). * update the credentials when the user is prompted for user or password, * add a ``verify_certificates`` field for ``HTTPS``. The ``password_encoding`` and ``verify_certificates`` fields are recognized but ignored in the actual implementation.